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CRRAB II > Intro to Resp Infx Disease > Flashcards

Intro to Resp Infx Disease Flashcards

1
Q

3 mechanisms of disease for bacteria:

A
  1. Toxin production
  2. Host immune response
  3. Bacterial proliferation and invasion
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2
Q

3 mechanisms of disease for viruses:

A
  1. Cytopathic effect–> cell death and disease
  2. Host immune response

3 . Tumorigenesis

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3
Q

Two main obstacles microorganisms must overcome to infect upper resp tract:

A
  1. mucous

2. phagocytosis (avoid it or be able to survive it)

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4
Q

Two basic components of the mucociliary elevator:

A
  1. goblet cells–produce mucus

2. ciliated epithelium

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5
Q

Most common pathogen causing common cold?

A

rhinovirus

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6
Q

Pathogen causing common cold any time of year?

A

adenovirus

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7
Q

Pathogenesis of rhinovirus; adhesion and sx cause?

A

ICAM-1 (adhesion)

lytic infx destroying ciliated epithelial cells

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8
Q

If clear discharge from common cold becomes purulent think?

A

secondary bacterial infx

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9
Q

RNA

Icosahedral capsid

NON-enveloped

SS(+) non-segmented (class IV)

Picoraviridae

A

Rhinovirus

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10
Q

RNA

Helical capsid

Enveloped

SS(-) non-segmented (class V)

Paramixoviridae

A

Parainfluenza virus

Paramyxovirus

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11
Q

RNA

Helical

Enveloped

SS(+) non-segmented (class IV)

A

Coronaviridae

Coronavirus

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12
Q

RNA

Helical

Enveloped

SS(-) Non-segmented (class V)

Orthomyxoviridae

A

Influenza A, B, C

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13
Q

RNA

Icosahedral

Non-enveloped

SS(+) Non-segmented (class IV)

Picornaviridae

Enterovirus

A

Coxsackie A and B

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14
Q

DNA

Icosahedral

Non-enveloped

DS linear DNA (group I)

A

Adenoviridae

Adenovirus (Mastadenovirus)

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15
Q

Most common viral cause of conjunctivitis:

A

adenovirus

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16
Q

inflammation or infx of nasal mucosa + at least one paranasal sinus lasting

A

acute rhinosinusitis

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17
Q

Two most common bacterial causes of community acquired acute bacterial rhinosinusitis:

A

S. pneumo

H. influenzae

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18
Q

Refractory sinusitis may be?

A

Aspergillus fumigatus

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19
Q

Treatment of fungal sinusitis in immunocompetent:

A

mechanical removal

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20
Q

Patients at higher risk in fungal sinusitis:

A

immune compromised

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21
Q

General differentiating factors in viral vs bacterial sinusitis:

A

duration (> 7 days adult, >10-14 days children)

severity of sx (ie. facial pain, fever > 102)

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22
Q

Evidence based treatment of viral sinusitis sx:

A

saline wash

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23
Q

Abx for bacterial sinusitis:

A

First line: amoxicillin

second: azithromycin

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24
Q

Gram +

diplococci

Catalase -

a-hemolytic

Bile-Esculin Negative

Optochin susceptible

+ Quellung

A

S. pneumoniae

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25
Q

Gram -

Cocobacilli, Pleomorphic

X and V factors required

+ Quellung

A

H. influenzae

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26
Q

Most common cause of pharyngitis:

A

viral

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27
Q

most common bacterial cause of pharyngitis:

A

S. pyogenes

28
Q

pharyngitis

military or boarding school

A

adenovirus

29
Q

viral pharyngitis in adolescents in winter

A

EBV

30
Q

Pharyngitis + conjunctivitis strongly suggests:

A

viral cause

31
Q

Pharyngitis + fever + severe pain w/swallowing suggests:

A

S. pyogenes

32
Q

S. pyogenes attachment VF’s:

A

M protein

lipoteichoic acid

protein F

33
Q

S. pyogenes prevents phagocytosis via (VFs):

A

hyaluronic acid CAPSULE

34
Q

S. pyogenes invasion VFs:

A

protease

hyaluronidase

35
Q

S. pyogenes

(shape?)

catalase (?)

? hemolytic

bacitracin (?)

A

cocci

catalase -

Beta - hemolytic

bacitracin SENSITIVE

36
Q

C. diptheriae

Gram (?)

(shape?)

spore forming (?)

motility (?)

A

Gram +

bacilli

NON-spore forming

NON-motile

37
Q

Tx for S. pyogenes pharyngitis?

A

penicillin

erythromycin, 2nd line if penicillin allergy

38
Q

Scarlet Fever causing exotoxins of S. pyogenes:

A

speA

speC

ssa

***superantigens

39
Q

“Strawberry tongue”

A

Scarlet Fever (S. pyogenes)

40
Q

What does catalase do?

Does S. pyogenes have it?

A

converts H2O2 –> H2O + O2 (bubbles formes)

nope

41
Q

How do aerobes deal with reactive oxygen species?

A

superoxide dismutase

42
Q

“bark-like” cough

A

croup

43
Q

Causes croup any time of year:

A

Parainfluenza virus

44
Q

Cause croup mostly in winter and early spring:

A

Influenza virus

Respiratory syncytial virus

45
Q

RNA

Helical capsid

Enveloped

SS(-) non-segmented (class V)

Paramixoviridae

Pneumovirus

A

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)

46
Q

What are the two paramyxoviruses that cause croup?

What is the VF involved?

What does that VF do?

A

RSV

Parainfluenza virus

F-protein

Fusion of respiratory epithelial cells–> multinucleated cells

47
Q

Most frequent cause of epiglotitis?

A

2 H. influenzae (actually the only one mentioned in FA), now less common d/t vaccination

group A strep

beta hemolytic (ie. S. pyogenes)

So hopefully the Q stem includes gram stain

48
Q

Tx for epiglotitis:

A

SECURE AIRWAY

2nd or 3rd gen Cephalosporin + penicillinase resistant penicillin:
Claxacillin,
Oxacillin,
Naficillin,
Dicloxacillin,
Methicillin
49
Q

Differentiates epiglotitis from croup:

A

Onset (sudden vs gradual)

Supraglottic vs subglottic

High fever vs low fever

Severe dysphagia vs mild or absent

Drooling vs none

Uncommon cough vs barking cough

Positive thumb sign vs steeple sign on imaging

50
Q

multinucleated giant cells associated with?

A

Parainfluenza virus

51
Q

VF for Parainfluenza virus adhesion to sialic acid?

A

hemagglutinin (HA)

52
Q

VF for Parainfluenza virus cleaving hemagglutinin facilitating viral spread:

A

neurominidase (NA)

53
Q

vesicles on hands, feet, and mouth

typically young children

A

Coxackievirus A and B

“hand, foot and mouth disease”

54
Q

gray fibrinous exudate

A

C. diphtheriae

55
Q

“Chinese letters” under microscope

A

C. diphtheriae

56
Q

Strep. pneumoiae is ___hemolytic.

A

alpha

57
Q

Strep pneumo is Bile-Esculin + or - ?

A
  • negative
58
Q

Is Strep pneumo optochin susceptable?

A

yes

59
Q

S. pneumo:

Quellung + or - ?

A

+ positive

60
Q

Essential VF for S. pneumoniae

A

capsule

**also has IgA protease – this makes sense because it’s going to see a lot of IgA

61
Q

S. pneumo

Optochin ?

A

SENSITIVE

62
Q

S. pneumo

Quellung?

A

POSITIVE

+++++++++++++++

63
Q

H. influenzae

Quellung ?

A

POSITIVE

+++++++++++++++

64
Q

S. pyogenes

bacitracin ?

A

sensitive

65
Q

What does C. diphtheriae look like on gram stain?

A

purple rod

Gram + bacilli

66
Q

E. coli

catalase ?

A

positive

CRRAB II (28 decks)

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