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Pediatric Audiology > Communication Milestones > Flashcards

Communication Milestones Flashcards

1
Q

0-6 Months

A

Produces only “vegetative” sounds

cooiing, imitation of vowels only, vocalization with intonation, responds to name, responds to human voices without visual cues by turning head and eyes, responds appropriately to friendly and angry tones

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2
Q

6-12 Months

A

Babbling begins in earnest (CV, CVC)

Deaf babies do this too**

comprehension of spoken language, single words begin to be produced, uses one or more words with meaning, understands simple instructions, practices inflection, aware of social value of speech

Strong evidence that all babies in world make same babble sounds–happens with motherese–reinforce sounds you know, if deaf baby is born into family that knows sign language, will go through same phases

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3
Q

Babbling Stages

A

Marginal
Reduplicated/Canonical
Nonrepudlicated/Variegated
Jargon

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4
Q

Marginal Babbling

A

4-6 months, CV or VC only (ba or ab), nasal and labial sounds can feel it–deaf babies also do this

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5
Q

Reduplicated/Canonical

A

6-8 months, alternation of consonants and vowels (babababa)

deaf babies do this but may be lower frequencies

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6
Q

Nonreduplicated/Variegated

A

8-10 months, alternating consonants and vowels, mimics adult intonation
starts to pull apart from deaf babies

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7
Q

Jargon

A

9-12 months, strings of syllables that mirro adult stress patters

conversation

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8
Q

Around 2 Months

A

Startles to loud sound (Moro startle)
Quiets to familiar voices in quiet
Makes vowel sounds like ohh ahh (reflexive)

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9
Q

Around 4 Months

A 
Looks for sound sources on lateral plane
starts babbling (CV, CVC)
Uses a variety of voice sounds, squeals and chuckles
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10
Q

Around 6 Months

A

Turns head toward loud sound consistently
Begins to imitate speech sound
babbles (baba, mama, gaga)

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11
Q

Around 9 Months

A

Imitates speech sounds of others
Understands no-no or bye-bye
Turns head toward soft sounds

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12
Q

Around 12 Months

A

Correctly uses mama or dada
Gives toy when asked
Responds to singing or music
Readily turns toward all sound

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13
Q

12-18 Months Language Development

A

Have vocabulary of ~5-20 words & Reaches 50 word stage by 18 months

mostly nouns, echolalia, much jargon with emotional content, able to follow simple commands

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14
Q

18-24 Months Language Development

A

Vocab spurt–150-300 words
~2/3 of what kid says should be intelligible, responds to command show me your eyes/nose/mouth

begins to use verbs, adjectives, using multi word utterances

combines words into short sent largely noun-verb combos, MLU 1.2 words

Can begin to do speech discrimination tests

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15
Q

24-36 Months Language Development

A

900-1000 words

2-3 words per sentence–about 90% of what kid says is intelligible, verbs begin to dominate, sentence structure gets more complex, using plurals and past tense, knows chief body parts

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16
Q

48 Months Language Development

A

Can follow simple directions, difference between understanding and willing to follow directions

can repeat 4 digits when they are given slowly, can usually repeat words of 4 syllables, demonstrates understanding of over and under

b,m,w.n, p well established and has most vowels and diphthongs and constants

17
Q

Red Flags for Development

A

12 Months: could have auditory or language issue if no differentiated babbling or vocal imitation

18 Months: no attempt at words, word that parents know meaning behind word Conceptually

24 Months: if kid has less than 10 words– By this point 50 words, begin vocabulary spurt–refer SLP

30 Months: less than 100 words, no 2 word combos, unintelligible speech–referral

36 Months: fewer than 200 words, no telegraphic sentences, clarity of speech is less than 50%—not a good sign

48 Months: fewer than 600 words, no use of simple sentences, clarity of speech less than 80%–if speech isn’t clear, language problem NOT articulation

18
Q

60 Months Language Development

A

Can use many descriptive words spontaneously–know common opposites, can count to 10,speech should be intelligible in spite of articulation problems, should be able to repeat sentences as long as 9 words

19
Q

Aspects of language

A

Phonology, Morphology, Syntax, Semantics, Pragmatics

20
Q

Phonology

A

system of rules that govern sounds and their combination,

phoneme=smallest linguistic unit of speech that signals difference in meaning

21
Q

Speech Sound Development Chart

A

1.5-3 years: p, m, h, n, w, b–>visual sounds, voiced

2-4: k,g,d,t,ng

2.5-4: f, y

3-7: r

3-6: l

3-8: s

  1. 5-7: ch, sh
  2. 5-8: z

4-7: j

4-8: v

  1. 5-7: th (thumb)
  2. 5-8: th (this)
  3. 5-8.5: zh (measure)
22
Q

Morphology

A

Rules that govern internal word formation

smallest linguistic unit that carries meaning

ball vs balls

23
Q

Brown’s Stages of Development

A 
12-26 Months: MLU=1-2
27-30 Months: MLU=2-2.5
31-34 Months: MLU=2.5-3
35-40 Months: MLU=3-3.75
41-46 Months: MLU=3.75-4.5
47 Months +: MLU=4.5+
24
Q

Syntax

A

Rules that govern sentence structure

syntactic errors in kids are common, learn by hearing other people speak HL kids make many errors with this

25
Q

Semantics

A

Word meanings and how they are related, word meanings evolve over time

at first all 4 legged animals are dogs, all women are mommy—learn things are different

relationships mature over time–easier for HL kids, give kid concept/sign of ball and gain concept ball–don’t need to know how to conjugate the word

26
Q

Pragmatics

A

Rules that govern use of language in social contexts, intension/goal of speaker, needs of listener

turn-taking, big pragmatic–largely nonverbal cues

27
Q

Speech and Language Development in deaf/HL kids

A

90% deaf kids are born to hearing parents—zero sign input and zero auditory input

28
Q

Mild Hearing Loss

A

Newborns: eustachian tube is parallel to ground with newborns –negative pressure builds up—can’t open fluid starts to seep out of ME linings

15-40dB HL=mild hl for kids

many kids with this don’t wear amplification because of otitis media

29
Q

Otitis Media

A

Up to 80% of all school-aged kids will have at least one bout of temporary threshold shift due to otitis media in a given school year—mild hearing impairment

30
Q

Mild Hearing Loss Consequences

A

Auditory learning dysfunction, mild language delay, mild speech problems, inattention

only some of speech sounds (more louder voiced sounds)

31
Q

Slight Hearing Loss Consequences

A

Mild auditory dysfunction in language learning, without amplification will hear vowel sounds clearly but may miss some unvoiced consonants

32
Q

Moderate Hearing Loss Consequences

A

Will hear almost no speech sounds at normal conversation level, will have speech problems, language delay, learning dysfunction, inattention

May need special classroom situation

33
Q

Severe Hearing Loss Consequences

A

Will hear no speech sounds at normal conversational level

have severe speech problems, language delay, learning dysfunction, inattention

probably need assignment to special classes

34
Q

Profound Hearing Loss Consequences

A

Will hear no speech or other sounds, will have severe speech problems, language delay, learning dysfunction, inattention

assignment to special classes

35
Q

Moderate Hearing Loss

A

Conductive or SNHL, start to impact kids around 3-4th grade “learning to read—reading to learn”

reduced vocabulary, articulation issues, miss out on incidental listening

Usually excellent HA users–may develop spoken language but may not be clear or may be delayed

36
Q

Severe Hearing Loss

A

Mixed or SNHL–kids don’t typically develop speech & language without amplification

start learning to talk, working with damaged auditory system

37
Q

Profound Hearing Loss

A

Have no spoken language, usually complete lack of hair cell in inner ear

38
Q

Factors determining effects of loss on language development

A

Age at time of identification, amplification and intervention

Parental involvement

type of intervention

Pediatric Audiology (9 decks)

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