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Biology iGCSE > B10: Variation And Inheritance > Flashcards

B10: Variation And Inheritance Flashcards

1
Q

Allele

A

A version of a particular gene

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2
Q

Gene

A

A short section of DNA carrying genetic information.

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3
Q

How many chromosomes in a sex cell?

A

23

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4
Q

How many chromosomes in a body cell?

A

46, 23 pairs

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5
Q

List chromosomes, DNA and genes from largest to smallest.

A

Chromosome
Gene
DNA

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6
Q

2 factors that cause variety.

A

Genes

Environment

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7
Q

Female Chromosomes

A

XX

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8
Q

Male Chromosomes

A

XY

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9
Q

Heterozygous

A

Having 2 different alleles for the same gene

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10
Q

Genotype

A

Whether a person is homozygous or heterozygous for a particular characteristic.

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11
Q

Phenotype

A

Describes the physical appearance of an individual.

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12
Q

DNA meaning

A

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

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13
Q

Bases

A

Nitrogenous compounds that make up part of the DNA structure.

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14
Q

How many bases on DNA code for one amino acid?

A

3

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15
Q

How do bases match up?

A

A pple T art

C hocolate G ateau

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16
Q

What causes Downs Syndrome?

A

An extra copy of chromosome 21. (Having 47 chromosomes)

17
Q

Huntingtons

A

A disorder that wastes away parts of the brain.

Dominant.

18
Q

Sickle Cell Anaemia

A

Causes sickle shaped red blood cells which don’t transport oxygen efficiently.
Recessive.

19
Q

Cystic Fibrosis

A

Affects the lungs, digestive and reproductive systems.

Recessive.

20
Q

Polydactyly

A

Causes extra fingers and toes.

Dominant.

21
Q

Amniocentesis

A

15-16 weeks.

Fluid is taken from around the foetus.

22
Q

Chorionic Villus Sampling

A

10-12 weeks.

Small sample is taken off of the tissue of the developing placenta.

23
Q

Concerns with embryo screening

A

> Can sometimes give false results.
People would decide to terminate and otherwise healthy pregnancy.
Could lead to designer babies.

24
Q

Homozygous.

A

Having 2 identical alleles for the same gene

25
Q

How can embryos be screened for genetic disorders?

A

DNA isolated from embryo
(fluorescent) probe mixed with embryo DNA
probe (then) binds with embryo DNA
(UV light) to show alleles / gene for disorder

Biology iGCSE (16 decks)

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