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Human Biology > Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

Which artery is felt when taking the pulse at the neck?

A

Carotid

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2
Q

What causes the characteristic heart sounds that you hear through a stethoscope?

A

1st sound= tricuspid and bicuspid valves closing

2nd sound= pulmonary and aortic valve closing

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3
Q

What causes heart murmurs?

A

Abnormal heart valves

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4
Q

When you get your blood pressure taken, there are two numbers recorded. What are those two numbers and what do they represent?

A

Top number= systolic= pressure in arteries when heart contracts
Bottom number= diastolic= pressure in arteries between contractions

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5
Q

Describe the function of the chordae tendineae and the papillary muscles.

A

“Heart strings”

The contract to close the valves

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6
Q

List in order the major blood vessels, chambers, and valves through which blood must pass in traveling from the vena cava to the aorta.

A

Vena cava, right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary valve, pulmonary artery, lungs, pulmonary vein, left atrium, biscuspid valve, left ventricle, aortic valve, aorta

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7
Q

What is the difference between systole and diastole?

A 
Systole= contract= push blood out
Diastole= relax= let blood in
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8
Q

Through a stethoscope, your heart makes a “Lubb-dupp” sound. What is happening in your heart during the “Lubb” sound? The “dupp” sound?

A 
Lubb= closing of AV valves
Dupp= closing of pulmonary and aortic valves ("semilunar" valves)
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9
Q

Describe what is happening in the sinoatrial node (SA node) during one cardiac cycle.

A

“Pacemaker”, located near vena cava, initial impulses

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10
Q

Describe what is happening in the atrioventricular node (AV node) during one cardiac cycle.

A

Located between right atrium and ventricle, contracts atria

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11
Q

Describe what is happening in the AV bundle during one cardiac cycle.

A

Located in septum between ventricles, branches to left and right ventricles

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12
Q

Describe what is happening in the purkinje fibers doing one cardiac cycle

A

Project inward into ventricles, stimulates ventricular walls to contract

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13
Q

What is the main part of your brain that controls the cardiac cycle?

A

Medulla oblongata

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14
Q

Electrocardiograms can be broken down into P,Q,R,S and T portions. Describe what is happening in the P Wave.

A

Contraction of atria

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15
Q

Describe what is happening in the QRS complex.

A

Contraction of ventricles

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16
Q

Describe what is happening in the T wave.

A

Ventricular repolarization

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17
Q

Name the types of vessels that blood flows through in order starting at the aorta and ending at the vena cava.

A

Aorta, arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins, vena cava

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18
Q

How is blood pressure different in arteries vs. veins and why?

A

Higher blood pressure in arteries because it has just left the heart

19
Q

Tunica interna

A

Innermost layer, smooth surface

20
Q

Tunica media

A

Middle layer, smooth mm, largest part

21
Q

Tunica externa

A

Outer layer, attaches to surrounding tissues

22
Q

Arteries vs Veins

A

Arteries: thicker tunica media, smaller lumen, no valves

Veins: thinner tunica media, larger lumen, may contain valves

23
Q

Compare vasoconstriction vs. vasodilation.

A

Vasoconstriction: contraction of vessel
Vasodilation: relaxation of vessel

24
Q

What controls blood flow and blood pressure?

A

Nerve impulses stimulate blood flow and pressure

25
Q

Describe the structure and function of capillaries.

A

Smallest diameter vessel
Connect arterioles to venules
Contain no muscle, only endothelium
Exchanges gas, nutrients and metabolic biproducts

26
Q

Which tissues tend to have higher densities of capillaries?

A

Tissues that use a lot of oxygen

Ex: muscles

27
Q

Describe the path of blood through the pulmonary circuit. Include major veins and arteries.

A

Pulmonary circuit= carry blood from heart to lungs and back

Right ventricle, pulmonary artery, lungs, arterioles, capillaries, gas exchange, venules, pulmonary vein, left atrium

28
Q

Describe the path of blood through the systemic circuit. Include major veins and arteries.

A

Systemic circuit= carry blood from heart to rest of the body and back

Left ventricle, aorta, arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins, vena cava

29
Q

What 3 arteries branch off from the arch of the aorta?

A

Brachiocephalic artery
Carotid artery
Subclavian artery

30
Q

What part of the body does the carotid artery supply blood to?

A

Brain

31
Q

What part of the body does the subclavian artery supply blood to?

A

Upper limbs

32
Q

What part of the body does the common iliac artery supply blood to?

A

Hip, lower limb

33
Q

What part of the body does the femoral artery supply blood to?

A

Lower limb

34
Q

What part of the body does the jugular vein supply blood to?

A

Brain

35
Q

What part of the body does the common iliac vein supply blood to?

A

Hip, lower limb

36
Q

What part of the body does the femoral vein supply blood to?

A

Lower limb

37
Q

What part of the body does the greater saphenous vein supply blood to?

A

Lower limb

38
Q

A blood type. Antigen A? Antigen B? Antibody anti-A? Antibody anti-B?

A

Yes
No
No
Yes

39
Q

B blood type. Antigen A? Antigen B? Antibody anti-A? Antibody anti-B?

A

No
Yes
Yes
No

40
Q

AB blood type. Antigen A? Antigen B? Antibody anti-A? Antibody anti-B?

A

Yes
Yes
No
No

41
Q

O blood type. Antigen A? Antigen B? Antibody anti-A? Antibody anti-B?

A

No
No
Yes
Yes

42
Q

A person with which blood type is the universal donor? Why?

A

O because their blood does not produce ABO antigens

43
Q

A person with which blood type is a universal receiver? Why?

A

AB because their blood does not produce ABO antibodies.

44
Q

What artery is felt when taking the pulse at the wrist?

A

Radial

Human Biology (10 decks)

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