Wk2 Pancreas Phys

Question 1

Alpha cells secrete:

Answer 1

glucagon

Question 2

Somatostatin comes from what cell?

Answer 2

D cells

Question 3

Ketone bodies are a product of…

Answer 3

fat metabolism

Question 4

Time in fasted state when glycogen in muscle and liver runs out:

Answer 4

within 24 hours

Question 5

Enzyme unique to liver that allows glucose from glycogen to be released into blood:

Answer 5

G-6-P

Question 6

Insulin effect on fat tissue:

Answer 6

inhibits lipolysis

promotes accumulation of TGs

Question 7

Myocyte stimulators that trigger glycogenolysis:

Answer 7

Epi – B2 receptors

Question 8

4 main roles of insulin in fed state:

Answer 8

1. glucose oxidation
2. glycogen synthesis
3. fat synthesis
4. protein sysnthesis

Question 9

3 main roles of glucagon in fasted state:

Answer 9

1. glycogenolysis
2. gluconeogenesis
3. ketogenesis

Question 10

Sympathetic effect on insulin in pancreatic Beta cells:

Answer 10

inhibits release

**fight or flight –> need sugar in blood

Question 11

Parasympathetic effect on insulin in beta cells:

Answer 11

cephalic phase of insulin secretion via vagus

Question 12

**main regulator of beta cell insulin release:

Answer 12

GLUCOSE

Question 13

How does glucose get into beta cells:

Answer 13

GLUT2

Question 14

Once in the cell, how does glucose stimulate insulin release from beta cells:

Answer 14

glycolysis –> ATP

ATP –> CLOSES K+ channel –> DEpolarizes cell

–> increases Ca++ via voltage gated Ca channels

–> Ca++ causes release of insulin from vesicles fusing with membrane

Question 15

Effect of thiazide diuretics on beta cells:

Answer 15

OPEN K+ channels –> hyperpolarization –> no insulin release –> hyperglycemia

Question 16

Look at and understand Glucagon and GLP-1 in slide…

Answer 16

17

Question 17

Insulin receptor type in peripheral tissues:

Answer 17

tyrosine kinase –> growth factor

Question 18

Glucagon response to amino acids:

Why?

Answer 18

Increases

to protect from hypoglycemia in all protein meal

Question 19

Glucagon receptor type:

Answer 19

Gs –> AC –> cAMP –> PKA –> PPK –> PYG

Question 20

Somatostatin effect on pancreatic hormones:

Answer 20

inhibits everything

Question 21

insulin effect on somatostatin release:

Answer 21

stimulates

Question 22

Grehlin effect on somatostatin release:

Answer 22

inhibits

Question 23

What are incretins?

Answer 23

GI hormones that mediate intestinal phase of insulin secretion

GLP-1 – L cells of lower small intenstine

GIP – K cells of duodenum and jejunum

Question 24

4 phases of insulin secretion:

Answer 24

1. cephalic – PNS – sight smell
2. oral – taste
3. GI – GIP and GLP-1
4. Blood glucose phase – direct stimulation of Beta cells

Question 25

Two stimulators of adenylate cyclase (AC) to increase Ca levels and secrete insulin:

Answer 25

glucagon

GLP-1

Question 26

3 inhibitors of AC to prevent Ca increase and prevent insulin release:

Answer 26

Epi

NE

Somatostatin

Question 27

Two stimulators of phospholipase C (PLC) that increase Ca and cause insulin release:

Answer 27

Ach

CCK