MT - 7: MPQ

Question 1

What kind of inhibitory functions has the high level of progesterone?

a. inhibits the secretion of PGF2alfa
b. inhibits formation of estrus behavior in the hypothalamus
c. inhibits the secretion of LH hormone in the hypothalamus
d. reduces the secretion of GnRH in the hypothalamus

Answer 1

d. Reduces the secretion of GnRH in the hypothalamus

Question 2

What is the right order of events leading to induced ovulation?

a. Peak of LH (+FSH), neuroendocrine reflex, copulation
b. Copulation, peak of LH(+FSH), neuroendocrine reflex
c. Copulation, neuroendocrine reflex, peak of LH(+FSH)
d. Peak of LH(+FSH), copulation, neuroendocrine reflex

Answer 2

c. Copulation, neuroendocrine reflex, peak of LH(+FSH)

Question 3

Which receptors are stimulated by the high level of P4 during the corpus luteum phase in the endometrium?

a. oxytocin
b. estrogen
c. FSH
d. LH

Answer 3

a. oxytocin

Question 4

What stimulates the endometrium to produce PGF2alfa?

a. estrogen
b. progesterone
c. oxytocin of the ovary
d. FSH

Answer 4

c. oxytocin of the ovary

Question 5

Which factor plays a role in the selection of the “dominant” follicle?

a. the increasing level of progesterone
b. the decreasing level of gonadotropins
c. the decreasing level of estrogens
d. the increasing level of GnRH

Answer 5

d. the increasing level of GnRH

Question 6

What kind of effect does estrogen have on the ovary?

a. inhibits the growth of the follicle
b. increases the quantity of FSH receptors in the dominant follicle
c. increases the quantity of LH receptors in the dominant follicle
d. increases the quantity of FSH receptors in the granulosa cells

Answer 6

b. increases the quantity of FSH receptors in the dominant follicle

Question 7

What kind of effect does the peak of LH have on the ovum?

a. meiosis begins because of the block on inhibition
b. meiosis ends because of the block on inhibition
c. meiosis ends because of inhibition
d. development of corpus luteum finishes

Answer 7

b. meiosis ends because of the block on inhibition

Question 8

What do granulosa cells produce as an answer to the LH peak?

a. relaxin
b. estrogen
c. progesterone
d. FSH

Answer 8

a. relaxin

Question 9

What is produced by the follicle as an answer to the LH peak?

a. estrogen and progesterone
b. PGF2alfa and relaxin
c. relaxin and FSH
d. PGF2alfa and PGE2

Answer 9

d. PGF2alfa and PGE2

Question 10

What does progesterone inhibit?

a. FSH
b. PRL
c. LH
d. lutein cell activity

Answer 10

c. LH

Question 11

Why does the wall of the follicles become thiner due to the LH peak?
a. because of vein-contraction and ischemia
b because of collagenase secretion
c. because of proteolytic digestion
d because toxic metabolites are released

Answer 11

c. because of proteolytic digestion

Question 12

What kind of effect has the PGE2 in the ovary?

a. collagenase secretion
b. vessel-contraction and ischemia
c. proteolytic digestion
d. granulose cells secrete relaxin

Answer 12

b. vessel-contraction and ischemia

Question 13

What happens due to proteolytic digestion after the LH peak?

a. toxic metabolites are produced and wall of follicle becomes thin
b. collagenase secretion grows
c. vessel-contract and ischemia
d. granulosa cells secrete relaxin

Answer 13

a. toxic metabolites are produced and wall of follicle becomes thin

Question 14

What kind of material stimulates proteolytic digestion in the case of an LH peak?

a. PGF2alfa
b. relaxin
c. PGE2
d. toxic metabolites

Answer 14

b. relaxin

Question 15

What produces inhibin?

a. dominant follicle
b. atretic follicles
c. corpus haemorrhagicum
d. adenohypophysis

Answer 15

a. dominant follicle

Question 16

Which is inhibited by inhibin?

a. progesterone
b. GnRH
c. LH
d. FSH

Answer 16

d. FSH

Question 17

What leads to luteolysis?

a. low PGF2alfa concentration
b. growing synthesis of progesterone
c. decreasing synthesis of progesterone
d. decreasing synthesis of estrogen

Answer 17

c. decreasing synthesis of progesterone

Question 18

What do we call the refractory period of the corpus luteum?

a. the new corpus luteum undergoes luteolysis after ovulation
b. the fresh corpus luteum resists luteolysis in early metestrus
c. corpus luteum resists FSH stiumlation
d. no corpus luteum is formed in time

Answer 18

b. the fresh corpus luteum resists luteolysis in early metestrus

Question 19

Why is the refractory period of the corpus luteum so important?

a. because slight inflammations can not cause luteolysis due to their PGF2alfa production
b. because PGF2alfa can in this way maintain the pregnancy
c. because it stimulates the nidation of the embryo ovary
d. because during this phase PGE2 can stimulate luteolysis

Answer 19

a. because slight inflammations can not cause luteolysis

Question 20

What happenes with maturing cohorts of follicles during the luteal phase?

a. if progesterone concentration is still high, the follicles vanish
b. if progesterone concentration is low, the follicles vanish
c. if progesterone concentration is high, one follicle becomes dominant
d. if progesterone concentration is high, all follicles become dominant

Answer 20

a. if progesterone concentration is still high, the follicles vanish

Question 21

In which period of the luteal phase does follicle maturation take place?

a. when progesterone level is high
b. when progesterone level starts to significantly decrease
c. in the middle of the luteal phase
d. at the beginning of the luteal phase

Answer 21

b. when progesterone level starts to significantly decrease

Question 22

What is typical cycle length in primates?

a. 21 days, follicular and luteal phase separate
b. 28 days, follicular and luteal phase separate
c. 28 days, follicular and luteal phase overlap
d. 17 days, follicular and luteal phase separate

Answer 22

b. 28 days, follicular and luteal phase separate

Question 23

What is the typical length of the estrus cycle in large animals?

a. 21 days, follicular and luteal phase separate
b. 28 days, follicular and luteal phase separate
c. 21 day period, follicular and luteal phase overlap
d. 31 days, follicular and luteal phase overlap

Answer 23

c. 21 day period, follicular and luteal phase overlap

Question 24

In which species do the Sertoli cells produce estrogen?

a. dog, cat
b. stallion, wild boar
c. pig, dog
d. cattle, sheep

Answer 24

b. stallion, wild boar

Question 25

What kind of GnRH secretion do males have?

a. continuous secretion
b. rhythmic secretion, approx. every 90 hours
c. rhythmic secretion, approx.every 9 minutes
d. rhythmic secretion, approx.every 90 minutes

Answer 25

d. rhythmic secretion, approx.every 90 minutes

Question 26

What produces testosterone?

a. Hypophysis
b. Leydig cells
c. Hypothalamus
d. Sertoli cells

Answer 26

b. Leydig cells

Question 27

What is the target of testosterone feed-back?

a. Only the hypophysis
b. Mesenchymal Leydig cells
c. the hypophysis and hypothalamus
d. Only the hypothalamus

Answer 27

c. the hypophysis and hypothalamus

Question 28

What is produced by the Sertoli cells in the embryo?

a. Inhibin
b. ABP
c. Acrosine
d. MIF and special binding protein

Answer 28

d. MIF and special binding protein

Question 29

Where is ABP (androgen binding protein) produced?

a. In the Sertoli cells
b. In the Leydig cells
c. In the hypothalamus
d. In the hypophysis

Answer 29

a. In the Sertoli cells

Question 30

What does ABP bind?

a. Inhibin
b. Testosterone
c. MIF
d. Acrosine

Answer 30

b. Testosterone

Question 31

What kind of “cells” transform by mitosis during spermiocytogenesis ?

a. the spermatids
b. primary spermatocytes
c. secondary spermatocytes
d. sperms

Answer 31

c. secondary spermatocytes

Question 32

Where are sperms stored in an anabiotic stage?

a. in the cranial end of the epididymis?
b. in the rete testis
c. in the caudal end of the epididymis
d. in the ductus epididymis

Answer 32

c. in the caudal end of the epididymis

Question 33

How long is the maturation time of sperms?

a. 7-9 days
b. 70-90 hours.
c. 20-30 days
d. 70-90 days

Answer 33

d. 70-90 days

Question 34

In which animal is the vesicula seminalis bladder-like?

a. In the stallion and rabbit
b. In the dog and cat
c. In the cattle and rabbit
d. In the horse and dog

Answer 34

a. In the stallion and rabbit

Question 35

What is the role of the vesicula seminalis?

a. site of sperm maturation
b. it supplies energy to the sperms
c. it is a simple storage place for sperms
d. it inactivates the sperms

Answer 35

b. it supplies energy to the sperms

Question 36

which animals is there no vesicula seminalis?

a. horse and dog
b. cattle and cat
c. horse and cattle
d. dog and cat

Answer 36

d. dog and cat

Question 37

What is the role of the prostate?

a. site of sperm division
b. it supplies energy to the sperms
c. it stimulates the motility of the sperms
d. it reduces sperm motility

Answer 37

c. it stimulates the motility of the sperms

Question 38

What is the role of the Cowper (bulbo-urethral) gland?

a. it nurtures the sperms
b. it supplies energy to the sperms
c. it initiates the motility of the sperms
d. its secretions clean the urethra

Answer 38

d. its secretions clean the urethra

Question 39

What is the role of the ampullary secretion?

a. It may stimulate and maintain the motility of the sperms
b. it inhibits the motility of the sperms
c. it supplies energy to the sperms
d. it cleans the urethra

Answer 39

a. It may stimulate and maintain the motility of the sperms

Question 40

What kind of effects does the seminal fluid have on sperms?

a. it activates sperms
b. it causes the anabiotic stage of sperms
c. it causes the polar body to leave the cells
d. it inhibits the active motion of sperms

Answer 40

a. it activates sperms

Question 41

What kind of effects do the female sexual organs have on the sperms?

a. they decrease their life expectancy
b. they inhibit sperm motility
c. force the sperms into a special anabiotic state
d. they capacitate the sperms

Answer 41

d. they capacitate the sperms

Question 42

The right order of male genitospinal reflexes are:

a. Ejaculation, erection, intermission
b. Intermission, erection, ejaculation
c. Intromission, ejaculation, erection
d. Erection, intermission, ejaculation

Answer 42

d. Erection, intermission, ejaculation

Question 43

What is the correct order of the female sexual cycle?

a. Follicular phase, luteal phase, ovulation
b. Luteal phase, follicular phase, ovulation
c. ovulation, follicular phase, luteal phase
d. Follicular phase, ovulation, luteal phase

Answer 43

d. Follicular phase, ovulation, luteal phase

Question 44

What are the characteristic hormonal changes in the plasma during proestrus?

a. The estrogen level rises
b. The progesterone level rises
c. The LH concentration decreases
d. The estrogen concentration decreases

Answer 44

a. The estrogen level rises

Question 45

What kind of morphological changes can we see in proestrus?

a. no special morphological change can be detected
b. menstrual bleeding occurs in this phase in farm animals, as well
c. vaginal outflow is frequent
d. the female accepts the male in this phase

Answer 45

c. vaginal outflow is frequent

Question 46

What hormonal changes can be detected during estrus?

a. low progesterone level
b. low estrogen level
c. high progesterone level
d. constant LH level

Side

Answer 46

a. low progesterone level

Question 47

What morphological changes can be detected in the vagina during estrus?

a. the number of cornified cells is the smallest during ovulation
b. the number of cornified cells decreases in the bitch
c. there is no detectable morphological change
d. the number of inflammatory cells decreases in the bitch

Answer 47

d. the number of inflammatory cells decreases in the bitch

Question 48

What secretional changes can be detected during estrus?

a. there is no change
b. the mare secretes a thin mucus
c. the cow secretes a thin mucus
d. the bitch’s secretion is getting very high

Answer 48

b. the mare secretes a thin mucus

Question 49

What behavioral changes can be detected during estrus?

a. there’s no change
b. the lordosis reflex ceases
c. the female voids urine more freqently thus a lot of pheromones get into the environment
d. the female doesn’t accept the male

Answer 49

c. the female voids urine more freqently thus a lot of pheromones get into the environment

Question 50

What hormonal changes can be detected during metestrus?

a. the level of estrogens increases
b. there’s a high progesterone level
c. the level of estrogens decreases
d. there’s no change in the level of LH

Answer 50

c. the level of estrogens decreases