Physio Final Topics Flashcards

1
Q

Milleau Interieur, compartments, changes of water compartments

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2
Q

Volume quantification of fluid compartments

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3
Q

Factors influencing the EC and IC compartmetns; anelectrolite and electrolite components of the blood plasma

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4
Q

Functions, fractination and changes of plasma proteins

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5
Q

Interstitia fluid (ISF): transport through the capillary wall; measurement and composition of ISF

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6
Q

Physiological role of the blood, definitions and changes in blood volumes

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7
Q

Red blood cells and the hemoglobin

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8
Q

Human and animal blood groups

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9
Q

Neutrophyl and basophyl granulocytes

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10
Q

Eosinohyl granulocytes, mononuclear phagocytes, thrombocytes

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11
Q

Haemostasis (except coagulation cascade mechanism) and stopping blood coagulation

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12
Q

Haemostasis: coagulation cascade mechanism

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13
Q

Organs of the immune system; natural immunity and the complement system

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14
Q

Adaptive (acquired) immune response; structure of the antigens and immunoglobulins

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15
Q

Humoral immunity, B lymphocytes and self restriction

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16
Q

Cellular immunity, T lymphocytes and the MHC structures of the cells

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17
Q

The regulation of muscle work and muscle-nerve connection: the motor unit

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18
Q

Molecular aspects of muscle contraction and electromechanical coupling

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19
Q

Types of striated muscles, energy sources of muscle functioning, oxygen debt

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20
Q

Macroscopic events of muscle contraction

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21
Q

Length - tension diagram: working range and power of the muscle; heat production and muscle fatigue

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22
Q

Characteristics of smooth muscle

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23
Q

Electrical activity of the heart, electromechanical coupling

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24
Q

Electrocardiogram; analysis of ECG

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25
Q

Mechanical properties of the heart; Starling’s law

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26
Q

Parameters of the cardiac cycle; volume fractions; factors influencing cardiac output

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27
Q

The cardiac cycle

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28
Q

Factors determining the blood pressure; pressures on different parts on the circulatory bed, measuring the blood pressure

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29
Q

Microcirculation, exchange of substances, venous circulation

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30
Q

Local factors of cardiovascular regulation

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31
Q

Central factors of cardiovascular regulation

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32
Q

Properties of circulation in the coronaries, the skin, the brain, splanchnic circulation, and the fetal circulation.

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33
Q

The characteristics of the lung circulation, the perfusion of the lungs, gas diffusion in the lungs

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34
Q

Respiratory tracts, respiratory movements, panting

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35
Q

Respiratory air fractions, and ventilation coefficient

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36
Q

Pressure changes during respiration, the respiratory work, compliance

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37
Q

The transport of oxigen, and carbon dioxide

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38
Q

The regulation of respiration

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39
Q

The respiration of birds

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40
Q

Basic physiological functions of the kidney: filtration, reabsorption, secretion, excretion

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41
Q

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR), extraction, clearance

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42
Q

Renal plasma flow (RPF), filtration fraction

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43
Q

Transport processes in the proximal tubule

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44
Q

Transport in the Henle-loop and the distal tubule

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45
Q

Transport at the distal connective tubule and at the collecting tubule

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46
Q

Osmoregulation in the kidney, the countercurrent system

A

47
Q

The maintenance of Isosmosis; ADH- mechanism

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48
Q

The maintenance of isovolemia; the renin angiotensin system (RAS), ANP and aldosterone

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49
Q

The urinary tract and the process of urination

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50
Q

Neurohormonal regulation of food intake and gastrintestinal tract

A

51
Q

Food intake, salivary secretion, process of swallowing

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52
Q

Motoric activity and electrophysiology of the gastrointestinal tract

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53
Q

Secretion and regulation of gastric juice

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54
Q

The exocrine function of the pancreas, pancreas enzymes, regulation of pancreatic juice secretion

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55
Q

Production, functions and regulation of the bile

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56
Q

Catabolism and absorption of carbohydrates

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57
Q

Catabolism and absorption of lipids

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58
Q

Catabolism and absorption of the proteins

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59
Q

Electrolyte cycle of intestinal canal, water transport, iron absorption

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60
Q

Digestion in the colon, feces formation, defaecatio

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61
Q

Motility of the forestomachs, eructation, rumination

A

62
Q

Avian digestion

A

63
Q

Combustion heat of nutrients, utilization of energy content of nutrients in the body

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64
Q

Basal- and resting energy metabolism, factors affecting metabolic rate

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65
Q

Calorimetryc methods, the definition and importance of the respiratory quotient

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66
Q

The heat balance, and the effect of the environmental temperature.

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67
Q

Heat balance regulation

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68
Q

Thermogenesis at the cellular level

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69
Q

Role of calcium and phosphorus, absorption, distribution and excretion

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70
Q

The role of the osteoblast, osteoclast and osteocyte

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71
Q

The role of the PTH, calcitonin, and the D-hormone in the Ca balance

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72
Q

Classification of hormones, dynamics of the ligand - receptor interaction, the feed-back mechanism

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73
Q

Communication among cells, Intracellular receptor signaling

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74
Q

Membrane receptor signaling

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75
Q

Hypothalamic releasing and inhibiting factors

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76
Q

Adenohypophysis, the synthesis and release of the ACTH

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77
Q

Growth hormone

A

78
Q

Hormones from the neurohypophysis

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79
Q

MSH and the pineal gland

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80
Q

The thyroid hormones

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81
Q

Synthesis, regulation and physiological effects of glucocorticoids

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82
Q

Pharmacological effect of glucocorticoids, and the physiology of the stress

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83
Q

Mineralocorticoids

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84
Q

Catecholamines

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85
Q

Insulin and glucagon

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86
Q

Eicosanoids

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87
Q

Male genitals, hormone regulation in the male reproductive system, spermatogenesis

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88
Q

The role of accessory sexual glands in males, male sexual reflexes

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89
Q

Phases of the estrus cycle, species specificities in the sexual cycle

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90
Q

Cyclic function of female reproductive organs

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91
Q

Hormonal changes during the estrus cycle

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92
Q

Hormonal effects in the ovary; hormones of the ovary

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93
Q

Fertilization, embryogenesis; maternal recognition of pregnancy

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94
Q

Endocrinology of pregnancy; fetoplacental endocrine unit

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95
Q

The endocrinology of parturition; birth

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96
Q

Mammary gland development, lactogenesis

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97
Q

Reproduction of birds

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98
Q

Membrane potential, local response and action potential, propagation of the action potential

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99
Q

Axonal transport and synaptic transmission, sensors, types of ion channels

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100
Q

General characteristic of the spinal cord, neural networks, Rexed zones, Dermatomes

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101
Q

The reflexes and movement patterns

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102
Q

Autonomic Nervous System

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103
Q

Sensory mechanisms in the central nervous system; physiology of pain

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104
Q

Posture control in the central nervous system

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105
Q

Intentional movements and the cerebellum

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106
Q

The physiology of sleeping; the reticular formation; the limbic system, behavior

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107
Q

Memory and learning, unconditioned and conditioned reflexes

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108
Q

Receptors, taste, olfaction

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109
Q

Vision, Cellular mechanism of light perception, color vision

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110
Q

Object viewing, visual acuity, visual field, visual pathway

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111
Q

Inner ear; vestibular appartus and hearing

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