Test 2 - RU adrenals

Question 1

cortex contains

Answer 1

zona glomerulosa (aldosterone)

zona fasciculata (cortisol)

zona reticularis (sex-steroids)

Question 2

medulla contains

Answer 2

chromaffin cells (epinephrine and norepinephrine)

Question 3

hypercorticism

exogenous corticosteroid medication (most common)

hyperproduction of ACTH

adrenal cortical adenoma or adrenal carcinoma

ectopic production of ACTH

Answer 3

cushing syndrome

Question 4

bilateral hyperplasia of adrenal zona fasciculata secondary to hyperactivitiy of pituitary corticotrophs or to ectopic ACTH like production by a variety of tumors; adrenal cortical adenoma

Answer 4

cushing syndrome

Question 5

aldosterone producing adrenocortical adenoma (aldosteronoma)

hypertension, sodium and water retension, hypokalemia

decreased serum renin

Answer 5

primary aldosteronism

Conn syndrome

Question 6

causes stimulation of the renin-angiotensin system

serum renin is increased

Answer 6

secondary aldosteronism

Question 7

leads to diminished cortisol production and compensatory increased ACTH, with resultant adrenal hyperplasia with androgenic steroid production

21- hydroxylase def.

11- hydroxylase def

adrenocortical adnomas

adrenocortical carcinomas

Answer 7

adrenal virilism (adrenogenital syndrome)

Question 8

primary adrenal cause or secondary to hypothalamic or pituitary dysfunction

def. in glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoid

Answer 8

hypocorticism (adrenal hypofunction)

Question 9

primary adrenocortical def.

idiopathic adrenal atrophy

hypotension, increased pigmentation of skin, decreased serum sodium, chloride, glucose, bicarbonate; increased serum potassium

Answer 9

addison disease

Question 10

adrenal insufficiency and vascular collapase is due to hemorrhagic necrosis of the adrenal cortex

associated with disseminated intravascular coagulation

due to meningococcemia (meningitis)

Answer 10

waterhouse-friderichsen syndrome

Question 11

tumor is derived from chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla

most often benign

increased urinary excretion of catecholamines and their metabolites

can cause hyperglycemia

Answer 11

pheochromocytoma

Question 12

highly malignant - comprised of small round blue cells which form characteristic rosette-like structures

occurs in early childhood

urinary catecholamines

abdominal mass

tumor is characterized by amplification of the N-myc oncogene with thousands of gene copies per cell

Answer 12

neuroblastoma