Lung disease

Question 1

What is tidal volume?

Answer 1

The volume of air in each breath

Question 2

What is ventilation rate?

Answer 2

The number of breaths per minute

Question 3

What is forced expiration volume (FEV1)?

Answer 3

The maximum volume of air that can be breathed out in one second

Question 4

What is forced vital capacity(FVC)?

Answer 4

The maximum volume of air that it is possible to breathe forcefully out of the lungs after a really deep breath in

Question 5

What causes tuberculosis?

Answer 5

Bacteria

Question 6

What is formed when a person has TB?

Answer 6

Small, hard lumps which is bacteria with a wall built around it

Question 7

What is reduced when someone has TB?

Answer 7

Tidal volume

Question 8

What do tuberculosis patients have to do in order to ensure they take in enough oxygen?

Answer 8

Breathe faster

Question 9

What are symptoms of tuberculosis?

Answer 9

Persistent cough 
Coughing up blood and mucus
Chest pains 
Shortness of breath 
Fatigue

Question 10

What is fibrosis?

Answer 10

The formation of scar tissue in the lungs

Question 11

What can fibrosis be caused by?

Answer 11

infection

Exposure to substances such as asbestos

Question 12

How is scar tissue different to normal tissue?

Answer 12

It is thicker and less elastic

Question 13

What is the effect of having scar tissue?

Answer 13

The lungs are less able to expand and cant hold as much air as normal
Tidal volume is reduced
FVC is reduced

Question 14

How does scar tissue affect the rate of diffusion?

Answer 14

Slower across a thicker scarred membrane

Question 15

How does the ventilation rate of a fibrosis sufferer differ from a normal one?

Answer 15

It is faster as they need to get enough air to their lungs to oxygenate the blood

Question 16

What are symptoms of fibrosis?

Answer 16

Shortness of breath 
A dry cough 
chest pain 
fatigue 
weakness

Question 17

What is asthma?

Answer 17

A respiratory condition where the airways become inflamed and irritated

Question 18

What is the usual cause of asthma?

Answer 18

An allergic reaction to pollen or dust

Question 19

What happens during an asthma attack?

Answer 19

The smooth muscle lining of the bronchioles contracts and a large amount of mucus is produced, causing constriction of the airways, making it hard for the individual to breathe properly

Question 20

What is reduced when an individual has asthma?

Answer 20

FEV 1

Question 21

What are symptoms of asthma?

Answer 21

Wheezing
Tight chest
Shortness of breath

Question 22

How can an asthma attack be relieved?

Answer 22

Drugs which cause the bronchiole muscles to relax and open up the airways

Question 23

What is emphysema?

Answer 23

Lung disease caused by smoking or long term exposure to pollution

Question 24

What happens in emphysema?

Answer 24

The foreign particles in smoke or air become trapped in the alveoli which causes inflammation, attracting phagocytes to the area

Question 25

What do phagocytes produce in emphysema?

Answer 25

An enzyme which breaks down elastin

Question 26

What does a loss of elastin in the alveoli mean?

Answer 26

The alveoli cat recoil to expel air as well
Leads to the destruction of the alveoli walls which reduces surface area, causing the rate of gaseous exchange to decrease

Question 27

What are symptoms of emphysema?

Answer 27

Shortness of breath
Wheezing
Increased ventilation rate

Question 28

What are the effects of lung disease on gas exchange?

Answer 28

They reduce the rate of gas exchange in alveoli
Less oxygen is able to diffuse into the bloodstream
Body cells receive less oxygen and rate of aerobic respiration is reduced
Less energy is released and sufferers often feel tired and weak

Question 29

What equation is used to calculate percentage change?

Answer 29

(Final value - original value) / original value

x100