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Y12 AS Biology > Circulatory system > Flashcards

Circulatory system Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two things that the circulatory system is made up of?

A

The heart and blood vessels

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2
Q

What are the 4 types of blood vessels?

A

Arteries
arterioles
veins
capillaries

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3
Q

What are the 3 main arteries?

A

Pulmonary artery
Aorta
Renal artery

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4
Q

Where does the pulmonary artery carry blood from?

A

Heart

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5
Q

Where does the pulmonary artery carry blood to?

A

Lungs

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6
Q

Where does the aorta carry blood from?

A

Heart

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7
Q

Where does the aorta carry blood to?

A

Body

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8
Q

Where does the renal artery carry blood from?

A

Body

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9
Q

Where does the renal artery carry blood to?

A

Kidneys

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10
Q

What are the three main veins?

A

Pulmonary veins
Vena cava
Renal vein

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11
Q

Where does the pulmonary vein take blood from?

A

Lungs

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12
Q

Where does the pulmonary vein take blood to?

A

Heart

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13
Q

Where does the vena cava take blood from?

A

Body

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14
Q

Where does the vena cava take blood to?

A

Heart

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15
Q

Where does the renal vein take blood from?

A

Kidneys

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16
Q

Where does the renal vein take blood to?

A

Vena cava

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17
Q

What type of blood does the vena cava carry?

A

Deoxygenated

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18
Q

What type of blood does the aorta carry?

A

Oxygenated

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19
Q

What type of blood does the pulmonary artery carry?

A

Deoxygenated

20
Q

What type of blood does the pulmonary vein carry?

A

Oxygenated

21
Q

Why does the aorta have a high pressure?

A

It has to take the blood all around the body

22
Q

Why does the vena cava have a low pressure?

A

Its the final blood vessel that takes blood to the heart

23
Q

What are the walls of arteries like?

A

Thick and muscular

Elastic tissue

24
Q

In arteries, what helps to maintain a high pressure?

A

The elastic tissue recoiling as the heart beats

The inner lining is folded

25
Q

What are arterioles?

A

Smaller vessels formed from arteries that form a network throughout the body

26
Q

What are characteristics of arterioles?

A

Muscles contract to restrict blood flow or relax to allow full blood flow

27
Q

What is the lumen and tissue like in veins?

A

Wide lumen

Not very elastic

28
Q

What are the valves in veins needed for?

A

to stop the blood flowing backwards

29
Q

What are capillaries?

A

Branches of arterioles

30
Q

What are the features of capillaries and how do they benefit their purpose?

A 
Found near cells in exchange tissues 
Thin walls (one cell) so theres a short diffusion pathway
Large number of them - increase surface area
31
Q

What is a capillary bed?

A

Network of capillaries in tissues

32
Q

What is tissue fluid?

A

The fluid that surrounds the cells in tissues

33
Q

What is tissue fluid made of?

A

Molecules that leave blood plasma

eg. oxygen, water and nutrients

34
Q

How do substances move out of the capillaries and into the tissue fluid?

A

Pressure filtration

35
Q

What does the difference in hydrostatic pressure between capillaries and tissue fluid mean?

A

Overall outward pressure forces fluid out of the capillaries and into the spaces around the cells which forms tissue fluid.

36
Q

What does tissue fluid not contain?

A

Large proteins or red blood cells

37
Q

What can cells take from the tissue fluid?

A

Oxygen and nutrients

38
Q

What does a capillary bed consist of?

A

Arteries, capillary, venule

39
Q

What is hydrostatic pressure?

A

The pressure exerted by a liquid

40
Q

What is the hydrostatic pressure like at the start of the capillary bed?

A

There is high pressure in the capillaries and low hydrostatic pressure in the tissues

41
Q

How is tissue fluid formed?

A

There is high hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries and low hydrostatic pressure in the tissues. This causes the fluid to be forced out of the capillaries around tissue forming tissue fluid

42
Q

What happens at the end of the capillary bed?

A

There is low hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries. The water potential in capillaries is lower than the tissue fluid due to a high number of plasma membranes.

43
Q

What substance is reabsorbed into the capillaries &

by what process?

A

Some water

Osmosis

44
Q

What is the lymphatic system?

A

A network of tubes which transports excess tissue fluid back into the circulatory system

45
Q

Describe how tissue fluid is returned to the circulatory system (3 Marks)

A

1) Capillaries inside tissue
2) High pressure forces water out
3) Water potential in cell decreases to a point where the tissue fluid has more water so the water goes back into the cell

46
Q

Explain how the highest blood pressure is produced in the left ventricle

A

Left ventricle has thick muscle so it can produce a high blood pressure as it can push forcefully

Y12 AS Biology (57 decks)

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