Primary metabolites 2 - exploiting commercially Flashcards

1
Q

what is the shorthand formula for the precursor for eciosanoids that M alpina produces

A

20:4 n-6

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2
Q

what did they take from M alpina and what organism did they express it in to create the ecosanoid precursor

A

took gene associated with delta 12, put it into S cerevisiae to express the rprecursor

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3
Q

if you knock out the delta 12 gene, what other fatty acids do you also lose

A

n3 and n6 families

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4
Q

what three things must an organism be/do to be used un biotechnology

A

safe - GRAS
grow on cheap medium
produce high yield

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5
Q

name 3 organic acids that are primary metabolites and what are they used for

A

citric acid
lactic acid
succinic acid
put in infants milk supplements

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6
Q

in what process are the organic acids made

A

in the krebs cycle

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7
Q

what organism is used to produce citric acid and why

A

Aspergillus niger

produces it from the krebs cycle - does it well and somehow it accumulates - they are not sure why

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8
Q

name 1 thing needed for production of citric acid

and 1 thing that helps

A

really acidic environment - low pH of 2

amonium helps inhibit an earlier step in the pathway

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9
Q

Name two amino acids produced in the krebs cycle

A

glutamic acid

lysine

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10
Q

what is glutamic acid used for in food and what/how is it made

A

MSG - monosodium glutamate - food additive/ flavour enhancer

a bacterium used - its core to their growth - central metabolism

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11
Q

how to exoenzymes and endoenzymes work

A

excreted by microorganisms - work outside the cell

take in substrate then uses enzymes to break it down inside the cell - intracellular

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12
Q

what do proteases do

A

an enzyme, main group used commercially, break down proteins into amino acids and oligoacids

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13
Q

what do amylases do

A

break down starch - hydrolyses starch into sugars

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14
Q

what enzyme breaks down fats into and into what

A

lipase

fatty acids and gycerol

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15
Q

what are the three types of ways to grow/harvest microorganisms

A

batch culture
fed-batch culture
continous

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16
Q

to make a detergent, which organism would be used to source proteases from, and which to source lipases from

A

Bacillis bacteria, Aspergillus fungi

17
Q

what enzyme is used to help the fermentation of beer

A

amylases - break down the starch present in the fermenting mix to sugars - which can be used by the yeast - higher alcohol production

18
Q

what enzyme is used to make soft centred chocolates

A

invertase - helps things melt easier

19
Q

how is syrup made

A

start with starch, break down disaccharide units into syrup

20
Q

what are biofuels

A

the production of alcohols from microbes that can be used as fuel - try to use waste biomass

21
Q

what enzymes and microorganisms are used in the production of biofuels

A

fungal enzymes used to release sugars

the sugars are used in fermentors with yeast Sacchromyces to produce bio ethanol