chapter 9.1 sending and receiving signals

Question 1

what are 4 essential elements for cell communication

Answer 1

signalling cell
signalling molecule
receptor protein
responding cell

Question 2

how do cells receive information?

Answer 2

from their environment and other cells

Question 3

what is the signalling cell?

Answer 3

is the source of the signalling molecule

Question 4

what is the signalling molecule?

Answer 4

very immensely- peptides, lipids and gases

• carries information from one cell to the next
• binds to the receptor protein on or in the responding cell , as a result there is a change in activity or behaviour from the responding cell.

Question 5

what is receptor activation?

Answer 5

the “turning on” of a receptor which often occurs when a signalling molecule binds to a receptor on a responding cell.

Question 6

what are the steps of cell signalling

Answer 6

• the signal binds to a receptor which is then activated
• the signal is transmitted to the interior of the cell by a signal transduction pathway
• the cell responds by activating an enzyme or turning on transcription of a gene
• the response is terminated so that new signals can be received.

Question 7

what occurs during signal transduction?

Answer 7

• one molecule activates the next molecule and so on. can be thought as a chain reaction.
• signal is often amplified at each step

Question 8

what occurs during the cellular response?

Answer 8

can take different forms depending on the path. for example: cell division, shape change, or signalling other cells.

Question 9

what occurs during termination?

Answer 9

the cellular response is stopped and can be stopped along any point of signalling pathway.