7th SS Chapter 8.1 - 8.3 Guided Reading

Question 1

Why did a crisis erupt over Missouri’s admission to the Union?

Answer 1

Missouri’s admission would have given the Southern slave states a majority

Question 2

Who wrote the Missouri Compromise?

Answer 2

Henry Clay

Question 3

What were the provisions of the Missouri Compromise?

Answer 3

1. Congress drew and imaginary line extending the southern border of Missouri at latitude 36 degrees 30’H
2. Slavery would be permitted in the part of the Louisiana Purchase south of that line.
3. Slavery would be banned north of the line except in Missouri
   a.
   b.
   c.

Question 4

What was the Wilmot Proviso?

Answer 4

A law that called for the ban of slavery in any territory won from Mexico

Question 5

Did the Wilmot Proviso become a law?

Answer 5

No

Question 6

What is popular sovereignty?

Answer 6

The right of people to create their government

Question 7

What was the Free Soil Party?

Answer 7

Their main goal was to keep slavery out of the western territories.

Question 8

Who was the Free Soilers presidential candidate?

Answer 8

Martin Van Buren

Question 9

Who won the election of 1848?

Answer 9

Zackery Taylor

Question 10

What did the success of Free Soil Party show?

Answer 10

That slavery had become a national issue

Question 11

In 1849 there were _______ slave states and ________ free states.

Answer 11

15; 15

Question 12

What was Henry Clay’s nickname?

Answer 12

“the Great Compromiser”

Question 13

What did Calhoun threaten if the South did’t get into its way?

Answer 13

The South would use force to leave the Union.

Question 14

Who helped Clay with the Compromise of 1850?

Answer 14

Stephen Douglas

Question 15

What are the 5 main provisions of the Compromise of 1850?

Answer 15

1. It allowed California to enter Union as a free state
2. It divided the rest of the Mexican Cession into the territories of New Mexico and Utah. And that the issue of slavery would be decided by popular sovereignty
3. Ended slave trade in Washington DC
4. Included a strict fugitive slave law
5. Settled the border dispute between Texas and New Mexico

Question 16

What did the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 do?

Answer 16

1. Required all citizens to help catch African Americans trying to escape slavery
2. People who let fugitives escape could be fined $1000 and jailed
3. Setup special courts to handle cases of runaways

Question 17

To counter act the Fugitive Slave Act many states passed _________.

Answer 17

Personal Liberty Laws

Question 18

What book written by Harriet Beecher Stowe changed the way northerners felt about slavery?

Answer 18

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

Question 19

___________ introduced a bill to set up a government for the lands covering the northwestern part of the Louisiana Purchase.

Answer 19

Stephan Douglas

Question 20

This bill became known as the ________.

Answer 20

Kansas-Nebraska Act

Question 21

What did the Kansas-Nebraska Act state?

Answer 21

1. That the northwestern part of the Louisiana Purchase would be divided into two territories
2. That the settlers living in the territories would be able to decide the issue of slavery by popular sovereignty.

Question 22

Why were Northerners angry?

Answer 22

Because the Missouri Compromise had already banned slavery in Kansas and Nebraska so the Kansas-Nebraska Act would be repealing the Missouri Compromise.

Question 23

Pro slavery bands of men poured over the border into Kansas to battle antislavery bands. They were called ______.

Answer 23

Border Ruffians

Question 24

How did the vote turn out?

Answer 24

Hundred of border ruffians crossed into Kansas and voted illegally which helped elect a proslavery legislature.

Question 25

What did the antislavery groups do?

Answer 25

They refused to accept the proslavery legislature. So they elected they own governor and legislature. Kansas was in chaos

Question 26

What happened in Lawrence Kansas in 1856?

Answer 26

A band of proslavery men raided the town of Lawrence Kansas which was a antislavery stronghold.

Question 27

Who struck back and where?

Answer 27

John Brown, his four sons and others rode into Pottawatomic Creek in the middle of the night. They dragged five proslavery settlers from their beds and murdered them.

Question 28

What was Kansas known as?

Answer 28

Bleeding Kansas

Question 29

What violent act in the Senate showed the nation was heading to a civil war?

Answer 29

Congressman Preston Brooks, Andrew Butlers nephew, beat Senator Charles Summer with a cane.

Question 30

What did the Supreme Court decide in Dred Scott v. Sanford?

Answer 30

1. That Scott could not file a lawsuit because as an enslaved person he was not a citizen. That slaves were considered property. 2. That Congress did not have the power to outlaw slavery in any territory

Question 31

What did the Democratic Party begin to divide over?

Answer 31

Over the issue of slavery

Question 32

What did abolitionist spoke out against Dred Scott decision?

Answer 32

That slaves were property and cannot be citizens of the United States

Question 33

What groups formed the Republican Party?

Answer 33

1. Free-Soilers 2. Northern Democrats 3. Antislavery Whigs

Question 34

Who were the candidates for the Presidential election of 1856? Who won?

Answer 34

1. John C Fremont - Republican Party 2. Hanes Buchanan - Democratic Party - WON 3. Millard Fillmore - Know-Nothing Party

Question 35

What was the next test for the Republican Party?

Answer 35

In 1858 in Illinois, Abraham Lincoln a Republican challengedDemocrat Stephen Douglas for his Senate seat.

Question 36

What occurred in this campaign?

Answer 36

Lincoln challenges Douglas to a series of 7 debates. Slavery was the important issue.

Question 37

Who was the winner? What happened to the loser?

Answer 37

Douglas was the winner; but Lincoln was a winner too. He gained national recognition.

Question 38

What event happened in 1859?

Answer 38

Radical abolitionist, John Brown carried his antislavery campaign east. He planned a raid on a federal arsenal.

Question 39

Who were the candidates in the election of 1860?

Answer 39

1. Stephan Douglas - Northern Democrat 2. John Breckinridge - Southern Democrat 3. John Bell - Constitutional Union Party 4. Abraham Lincoln - Republican

Question 40

On how many southern states did Lincoln's name not appear on the ballot?

Answer 40

10

Question 41

What was the South's reaction to Lincoln's election?

Answer 41

They believed it meant that the South no longer had a voice in national government

Question 42

Who tried one last effort to heal the nation?

Answer 42

Senator John Crittencken of Kentucky - he introduced a bill to extend the Missouri Compromise line to the Pacific

Question 43

When did South Carolina secede?

Answer 43

December 20, 1860

Question 44

By February 1861, which other states left the Union?

Answer 44

1. Alabama 2. Florida 3. Georgia 4. Louisiana 5. Mississippi 6. Texas

Question 45

Who was elected President of the Confederate States of America?

Answer 45

Jefferson Davis

Question 46

What did Lincoln's first inaugural address express ideas about?

Answer 46

1. Union 2. Liberty 3. Equality 4. Government

Question 47

What did Davis emphasize in his inaugural address?

Answer 47

That government exists only with the consent of the governed.

Question 48

What action caused the war to start?

Answer 48

When the Confederate troops fired across the Charleston Harbor at Fort Sumter, one of only four remaining federal fort in the South.

Question 49

In April 1861, what four of the remaining slave states left the Union?

Answer 49

1. Arkansas 2. Tennessee 3. North Carolina 4. Virginia

Question 50

Which state remaining was most critical to stay in the Union? Why?

Answer 50

Maryland - because since it ordered the nation's capital - Washington DC

Question 51

What are the strengths of the Confederacy?

Answer 51

1. Defending their homeland and their way of life gave them a strong reason to fight 2. Confederate soldiers know the southern country side better 3. Friendly civilians helped the Confederate soldiers 4. They used the woods for cover to defend themselves.

Question 52

What are the weaknesses of the Confederacy?

Answer 52

1. They had few factories to produce weapons and other supplies 2. They had few railroads to move troops and supplies 3. Railroads they had didn't connect to one another 4. Confederate government often had difficult to get things done. 5. Small population

Question 53

What are the strengths of the North?

Answer 53

1. Large population for soldiers and to provide supplies 2. Industry was the North's greatest resource 3. 70% of nations railroads were in the North 4. A strong Navy 5. A large fleet of trading ships

Question 54

What are the weaknesses of the North?

Answer 54

1. They would have to conquer a huge area 2. They were invading an unfamiliar land 3. The supply lines would be much longer as they marched south.

Question 55

What was the leadership qualities of Jefferson Davis?

Answer 55

1. Had a military background 2. Respected for his honesty and courage 3. Worried about small details and argued with his advisors

Question 56

What was the leadership qualities of Abraham Lincoln?

Answer 56

1. Proved to be patient but strong leader 2. A fine planner 3. Sense of humor

Question 57

What was the leadership qualities of Robert E. Lee?

Answer 57

Though Lincoln asked him to command the Union Army, when Virginia seceded he chose to fight with his state. He became the Commander of the Confederate army.