7th SS Chapter 9 Guided Reading

Question 1

What is the political, economic and social problems faced to the North?

Answer 1

Political - Disagreement about how to bring the South back into the Union and what to do with the newly freed African Americans.

Economic - Soldier needed jobs but factories were laying off because o cancelled war orders. Boom times quickly returned.

Social - Northern farms and cities were hardly touched , so life was quickly returned to before the war except for the thousands of soldiers who suffered wounds from the war.

Question 2

What were the political, economic and social problems faced by the South?

Answer 2

Political - It was unclear how they would run their government - whites that held office in the Confederacy were forbidden from politics.

Economic - Little chance of taking up were they left off - much was destroyed (houses, barns, and bridges); 2/3 of the railroads were destroyed; cities were leveled; financial system was wrecked

Social - Overnight there was a new social class - 4 million people known as freedman.

Question 3

What was Lincoln’s plan for Reconstruction?

Answer 3

Lincoln wanted to make it fairly easy for southerners to rejoin the Union. The sooner the nation was reunited the faster the South would be able to rebuild.

Question 4

What was included in the 10% Plan?

Answer 4

1. A state could form a new government after 10% of its voters swore an oath of loyalty to the Union.
2. The new government had to abolish slavery.
3. Voters could elect members of Congress and take part in the national government again.
4. This plan also offered amnesty, or a government pardon, to Confederates who swore loyalty to the Union.

Question 5

What was the name of the rival Reconstruction plan?

Answer 5

Wade-Davis Bill

Question 6

What were the provisions?

Answer 6

1. Required a majority of white men to swear loyalty to the Union.
2. Denied the right to vote or hold office to anyone who had volunteered to fight for the Confederacy.

Question 7

What new agency was created to help the former salves?

Answer 7

Freedman’s Bureau

Question 8

What was the date of Lincoln’s assassination?

Answer 8

April 14, 1865

Question 9

Who was president now?

Answer 9

Andrew Johnson

Question 10

What was the 13th amendment?

Answer 10

Banned slavery throughout the nation

Question 11

Since Republicans felt Johnson’s plan was too mild what did they do?

Answer 11

When the new Congress met, Republicans refused to let southern representatives take their seats. Instead they set up a joint committee for form a new plan for the south.

Question 12

What did Black Codes do?

Answer 12

Are laws that severely limited the rights of freedman.

Question 13

What were some things Black Codes forbade?

Answer 13

1. To vote
2. Own guns
3. Serve of juries

Question 14

Why were Republicans angry at Johnson’s plan?

Answer 14

1. By placing too few restrictions on the South, Johnson’s plan encouraged southern legislatures to pass black codes.
2. violence against freedman

Question 15

Who led the Radicals?

Answer 15

Thaddeus Stevens

Question 16

What were their two main goals?

Answer 16

1. To break the power of wealthy planters who long ruled the South.
2. Ensure freedman received the right to vote.

Question 17

What did Congress pass to combat the Black Codes?

Answer 17

Civil Rights Act of 1866

Question 18

What did the 14th Amendment give to the freedman?

Answer 18

It gave them the ability to defend their rights if they could vote by defining a citizen “as all persons born or naturalized in the United States”

Question 19

What happened in New Orleans that helped Republicans win majorities in both houses of Congress?

Answer 19

Riots - 34 African Americans were killed

Question 20

When was the first Reconstruction Act passed?

Answer 20

March 1867

Question 21

What did the Military Reconstruction Act of 1867 do?

Answer 21

It divided the southern states into 5 military districts each governed by a military general.

Question 22

How could states rejoin the Union?

Answer 22

1. Had to write a new constitution
2. Ratify the 14th Amendment
3. Allow African Americans to vote

Question 23

Why did Republicans control the Southern states?

Answer 23

The 14th Amendment barred former Confederate officials from voting and many other white southerners stayed away in protest. Protected by the army, freedman exercised their right to vote and most favored Republicans

Question 24

Since Johnson stood against the Radicals what did they decide to do?

Answer 24

To try to impeach, or remove, Johnson from office

Question 25

What happened?

Answer 25

The plan failed. Johnson was founded not guilty of treason.

Question 26

Who won the election of 1868?

Answer 26

U.S. Grant

Question 27

Which slave states were exempt from the rules of Radical Republicans? Why?

Answer 27

1. Delaware 2. Maryland 3. Kentucky 4. Missouri Because they had been loyal to the Union.

Question 28

What did the 15th amendment state?

Answer 28

Forbade any state to deny any citizen the right to vote because of "race, color, or previous condition of servitude"

Question 29

When was the 15th amendment ratified?

Answer 29

1870

Question 30

What three groups replaced old leaders of the South?

Answer 30

1. White Southern Republicans - Scalawags 2. Northerners in the South - Carpetbaggers 3. African Americans

Question 31

Which two African Americans were the first to serve in the Senate?

Answer 31

1. Hiram Rhodes Revels | 2. Blanche K. Bruce

Question 32

What was one of the most dangerous secret societies formed to help the Southern whites regain power?

Answer 32

Ku Klux Klan (KKK)

Question 33

What did Congress do in 1870 to try to combat the violence of the groups like the Klan?

Answer 33

Congress made it a crime to use force to keep people from voting.

Question 34

What were some improvements made by the Reconstruction government?

Answer 34

1. Built public schools for both black and white children 2. Many states gave women the right to own property 3. Built railroads 4. Built telegraph lines 5. Built bridges 6. Built roads

Question 35

What were some of the political controversies surrounding there government?

Answer 35

1. Taxation without representation | 2. Widespread corruption

Question 36

Why weren't Southerns successful in returning to their old crops?

Answer 36

1. Greater competition from foreign producers resulting in lower prices according to the laws of supply and demand 2. 3.

Question 37

What happened to the Radical Republicans in the 1870s?

Answer 37

They died down.

Question 38

What did the Amnesty Act of 1872 do?

Answer 38

It restored the right to vote to all white southerners.

Question 39

What three southern states remained under Republican control by 1876?

Answer 39

1. Tennesee 2. South Carolina 3. Florida

Question 40

Why was this deal called?

Answer 40

The Compromise of 1877

Question 41

What was the political impact of Reconstruction?

Answer 41

It (the South) remained a Democratic stronghold

Question 42

How did Southerners restrict the voting rights of the Negro?

Answer 42

1. Poll Tax 2. Literacy Test 3. Grandfather clause

Question 43

What were Jim Crow laws trying to accomplish?

Answer 43

Legal segregation

Question 44

What case made this separation legal?

Answer 44

Plessy V. Furgurson

Question 45

What happened as new southern leaders worked to expand the economy?

Answer 45

1.Textile mills 2.Tobacco industry 3.Farming came back 4.The lumber industry grew 5.

Question 46

By what year was the Southern economy more balanced?

Answer 46

1900

Question 47

Which regions of the nation was growing more rapidly than the South?

Answer 47

The North and West

Question 48

What is a sharecroppers?

Answer 48

A person who rented and farmed a plot of land from a large plantation. Plantation owners would provide seed, fertilizer, and tools in return for a share of the crops at harvest time.