HPI/PE Flashcards

1
Q

When pt is SOB it is important to establish…?

A

Present at rest
Walking on level or climbing the stairs
Necessary to stop and rest
What activities of daily life bring on dyspnea

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2
Q

Orthopnea

A

SOB increased when laying down

-how many pillows used at night?

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3
Q

Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea

A

Sudden loss of SOB after a period of sleep

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4
Q

Platypnea

A

SOB increased in an upright position

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5
Q

Kussmaul Breathing

A

Deep and labored breathing pattern, gasping, form of hyperventilation

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6
Q

Kussmaul Breathing is most commonly associated with..?

A

DKA- diabetic ketoacidosis

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7
Q

Cheyne-Stroke Respiration

A

Progressively deep and sometimes faster breathing followed by a gradual decrease that results in a temporary state of apnea

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8
Q

Cheyne-Stroke Respiration is precipitated by…?

A

CVA, TBI, sleeping at altitude, CHF, etc.

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9
Q

Coarse Crackles (previously known as rhonchi)

A

Coarse rattling respiratory sounds

Rolling thunderstorm

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10
Q

Coarse Crackles is caused by…?

A

secretions in bronchial airways (ie. pneumonia)

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11
Q

Fine crackles (previously known as rales)

A

sofe, high-pitched, and very brief sound

opening a velcro fastener

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12
Q

Fine crackles indicate what?

A

Interstitial process- pulmonary fibrosis or CHF

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13
Q

Fremitus

A

Vibrations transmitted through the body generally referring to an assessment of lungs.

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14
Q

An increase in fremitus intensity indicates

A

Consolidation or fibrosis

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15
Q

A decrease in fremitus intensity indicates

A

Fluid or air (effusion, pneumothorax)

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16
Q

Tactile Fremitus

A

Vibrations felt on the chest wall

- pt says “99”

17
Q

Vocal Fremitus

A

Vibrations heard with stethoscope on the chest wall with spoken words

18
Q

Pleural rub

A

Outside lung tissue rubbing against the chest wall, heard during inspiration

19
Q

Stridor

A

Heard when a foreign body is present

20
Q

Wheezes

A

Whistling heard in reaactive airway disease or asthma

21
Q

Anoxia

A

The total absence of oxygen in body tissue

-think end organ damage

22
Q

Pneumothorax

A

Air in pleural cavity

- can cause complete or partial collapse of lung

23
Q

Hemothorax

A

Blood in pleural cavity

-can cause complete or partial collapse of lung

24
Q

Pleural Effusion

A

Abnormal presence of fluid in pleural cavity

25
Q

Causes of pleural effusion

A

Trauma or spontaneous

26
Q

Spontaneous is common in what age/gender/race?

A

25-30 yo white males who have a h/o smoking

27
Q

Pink Puffer

A
  • Break down of elastin in connective tissue in lungs

- less surface area for gas exchange d/t gradual destruction of the pulmonary capillary bed

28
Q

S/S of pink puffer

A

Older, thin, severe dyspnea, barrel chest, pursed-lip breathing, pink skin
- Emphysema

29
Q

Blue Bloater

A
  • excessive mucus production with airway obstruction resulting from hyperplasia of mucus producing glands
  • chronic inflammation around bronchi
30
Q

S/S of blue bloater

A

Overweight, cyanotic, elevated Hbg, peripheral edema, coarse crackles, and wheezing
- Chronic bronchitis