Topic 1 - Milleau Interieur, compartments, changes of water compartments

Question 1

Words to include

Answer 1

Mileau interieur

• Constant environment
• Own fluid environment
• Homeostasis
  
  • Constant inner environment
  • Unicellular components
  • Multicellular components
• Isovolemia
• Isotonia
• Isoionia
• Isohydria

Compartments

• Dividied into:
  
  • ​Anatomical space
    
    • Blood
    • Kidbey
    • Liver
  • Compartments
    
    • EC space
• Barriers

Water

• Solvent
  
  • Medium for resistance
• Osmotic forces
• Blood (90%)
• Liver (70-75%)
• Bone (25%)
• Fat (10%)
• Total body water
  
  • EC compartment + IC compartment
  • EC
    
    • Intravasal
    • Interstitial

Barriers separating compartments

• Cell membrane
  
  • Permable for water
  • Selective
• Capillary wall
  
  • Retains colloids
• Transport processes trough the membrane
  
  • Membrane determining transport
    
    • Lipid double layer
    • Complex proteins
      
      • Receptors
      • Enzymes
      • Carriers
      • Channels
  • Passive transport
    
    • Simple diffusion
    • Facilitated diffusion
  • Active transport
    
    • Direct energy source
    • Indirect energy source

Subcompartments of EC space

• Intravascular compartment
  
  • Plasma water
  • Blood cells
• Interstitium
  
  • Soft tissues
  • Fibrous connective tissue
  • Bone tissue
• Transcellular compartments
  
  • Epithelial cell layers
  • Synovial fluid
  • Aqueous humor
  • Glandular discarges
  • Urinary bladder content
  • Gastrointestinal tract
  • (Rumen)
• Distribution of EC space
  
  • Quickly equilibrating space
    
    • Substance flow fast
    • Blood plasma
    • Interstitium of soft tissue
    • Lymph
  • Slowly equilibrating space
    
    • Uniform distribution 8-10 hours later
    • Bone
    • Transcellular space

Intracellular space

• Uniform

Question 2

Topics to include in the essay

Answer 2

1. Mileau interium
   
   • Homeostasis
2. Compartments / anatomical space
   
   • Water
   • Barriers separating compartments
   • Subcompartments of the EC space
   • Distribution in EC space

Question 3

Mileau interieur

Define mileau interieur

Answer 3

• The cells of the living organsim can only work in constant environment
• Claude Bernard said: living organism does not live in an outer environment but in its own fludi environment

Question 4

Define homeostasis

Answer 4

• The maintainance of a constant internal environment
• This maintainanc is important in both unicellular and multicellular components of the organism

Question 5

Give the different subdivisions of homeostasis

Answer 5

1. Isovolemia
   
   • Constant volume
2. Isotonia
   
   • Constant osmotic pressure
3. Isoionia
   
   • Constant ion composition
4. Isohydria
   
   • Constant pH

• The interstitial space resembels the ancient oceans

Question 6

Compartments

Division of compartments in the body

Answer 6

• The body is divided into anatomical space and compartments
  
  • ​They are separated by barriers
• Anatomical space is not the same as compartments

Question 7

Water

Most important function of water

Answer 7

• Water is the most important component in the body
• Most important functions:
  
  • Solvent: medium for resistance
  • Source of osmotic forces
  • Compartment and form

Question 8

Water

Give the percentage of water content in:

1. Blood
2. Liver
3. Bone
4. Fat

Answer 8

1. Blood: 90%
2. Liver: 70-75%
3. Bone: 25%
4. Fat: 10%

Question 9

How to calculate total body water?

Answer 9

• Total body water = EC compartments + IC compartments
  
  • ​EC 1/3
    
    • Intravasal (in the circulation, small portion)
    • Interstitial (in the tissue, large portion)
  • IC 2/3

Question 10

Barriers separating compartments

Answer 10

1. Cell Membrane
   
   • Permeable for water without restriction
   • Selective for every other substances
2. Capillary Wall
   
   • Retains colloids
   • Permeable for all other substances

Question 11

Transport processes through membranes

Answer 11

• Part of the membrane determining transport:
  
  • Lipid double layer
  • Complex proteins
    
    • Receptors
    • Enzymes
    • Carriers
    • Channels
• Types of transport :
  
  • Passive transport
    
    • Simple diffusion
    • Facilitated diffusion
  • Active transport
    
    • From direct energy source
    • From indirect energy source

Question 12

Subcompartments of the EC space

Answer 12

• Intravascular compartments
  
  • Plasma water
  • Blood cells
• Interstitium
  
  • Soft tissues
  • Firbous connective tissues
  • Bone tissues
• Transcellular compartments (Separated from the other compartments of the body by epithelial cell layers)
  
  • Synovial fluid
  • Aqueous humour
  • Glandular discharges
  • Content of the urinary bladder
  • Gastrointestinal tract
  • (Rumen)

Question 13

Distribution in the EC space

Answer 13

• Quickly equilibrating space
  
  • Substances flow is fast
  • Blood plasma
  • Interstitium of soft tissues
  • Lymph
• Slowly equilibrating space
  
  • Completely uniform distribution develops 8-10 hours later
  • Bone
  • Transcellular space