Small Intestine And Pancreas

Question 1

What is the major chemical secreted in the SI and what controls it? What pathology is associated with this mechanism?

Answer 1

Cl-; Regulated by cAMP

Vibrio Cholerae stimulates Cl- secretion via ADP ribosylation of Gs resulting in diarrhea

Question 2

How does Water Permeability in the colon differ then in the SI?

Answer 2

Much lower in the Colon

Question 3

What are the types of diarrhea?

Answer 3

Osmotic: Excessive solutes in lumen interfering with absorption usually due to anzyme deficiency

Secretory: Caused by toxins or chemical leading to secretion of Fluid usually from bacteria

Inflammatory: Destruction of mucosa

Question 4

Differentiate SGLT 1 and SGLT 2.

Answer 4

SGLT1: Uptake of dietary glucose from gut

SGLT2: Glucose transport in renal tubule

Question 5

Compare Transport of Fructose to glucose/Galactose:

Answer 5

Fructose:

• Independent of Na+
• Facilitated Diffusion
• Into enterocytes by GLUT5 and out of enterocytes by GLUT2

Glucose/Galactose
- Na dependent 2nd transport

Question 6

What is Acarbose?

Answer 6

• Competitive inhibitor of sucrase, Maltase, and amylase this impairing carb digestion/absorption
• Used for glucose control in diabetes

Question 7

Describe Hartnup disease

Answer 7

• Congenital defect inn mechanism for transport of neutral AAs in intestine and renal tubule

Question 8

What is a defect in transport of basic amino acids?

Answer 8

Cystinuria

Question 9

What Vitamin is dependent of Michelle production?

Answer 9

Vitamin D

Question 10

Differentiate the exocrine components of the pancreas.

Answer 10

Aqueous component: Contains HCO3-; Neutralization of stomach acid; Secreted by duct cells

Enzymatic component: Absorption of molecules; Secreted by Acinar Cells

Question 11

Activation of Pancratic enzymes

Answer 11

• Trypsinogen cleaved by enteropeptidase in SI

- Trypsin activates Other zymogens

Question 12

Describe the pathology of cystic fibrosis in the GI tract

Answer 12

• Thick secretion —> Obstuct glands —> Pancreatic insufficiency
• Deficiency in Lipase
• Fatty diarrhea, Oily foul smelling poo, etc

Question 13

How is acute pancreatitis diagnosed?

Answer 13

• Small amounts of pancreatic enzymes normally leak into circulation
• In acute pancreatitis, circulating levels rise substantially
• Plasma amylase/lipase are used to diagnose