Unit 9 Biosignaling And Vitamins Flashcards
Example of endocrine
Insulin and glucagon
Lipid soluble hormones fast or slow acting
Slow acting
Coenzyme of ascorbate
Collagen hydroxylation
Type of hormone of glucagon
Peptide of 29 amino acids
Glucagon increases degradation of
Glycogen and fat
Epinephrine increases O2 in tissues and causes increase in
Heart rate, blood pressure and vasodilation
Types of cells affected by autocrine hormones
Affect cell where they are produced
Examples of biologically active lipids
Eicosanoids, steroid hormones, and lipid soluble vitamins
What is the repeating unit of vitamin E
Tocopherols
How do autocrine hormones work
Bind to surface receptors
Water soluble hormones fast or slow acting
Fast
What vitamin like molecule is involved in acetylcholine synthesis
Choline
How do cell surface receptors work
Peptide or amine hormone binds to receptor on the outside of the cell and acts through receptor without entering the cell
What are the specific regions on the DNA which bind to hormone receptor complexes called
glucocorticoid response element (GRE)
Binding of insulin to insulin receptors initiates a cascade of events that leads to
Increased glucose uptake and metabolism
Site iodination on thyroglobulin of thyroid hormone
Follicular cells
Precursor molecule of insulin
Preproinsulin, proinsulin, insulin
Hormone which helps vitamin D in regulating blood calcium
Parathyroid hormone
Site of action of vitamin D
Bones, intestine and kidney
Mode of action of vitamin D
Nuclear receptors
How do voltage ion gates work
Na+ open channel due to propagation of nerve impulse, causes Ca2+ channel to open and release acetylcholine, acetylcholine opens ligand gated ion channels through ionic receptors
Form of Vitamin A is present in visual pigment or rhodopsin
11-cis retinal
Reaction of pantothenate
Adulation as acyl carrier
Examples of cell surface receptors
Peptide ( insulin and glucagon), catecholamine (epinephrine) and eicosanoid (PGE1)
Plant source of vitamin K
Phylloquinone
Mechanism of endocrine hormones
Released into blood
Active form of vitamin E
Alpha-tocopherols
Site of first hydroxylation of vitamin D/ cholecalciferol
Liver
What is the name of the receptor involved in the generation of cGMP
Guanylate cyclase
Precursor molecules of epinephrine
Tyrosine, L-DOPA, dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine
Type of molecules are grouped as provitamin A
Carotenoids or retinoids
Type of hormone of epinephrine
Catecholamine
Precursor molecule of Vitamin D
7-dehydrocholesterol
How does paracrine hormones work
Released into extracellular space
Blood levels of insulin vs glucagon after a meal
Insulin increases while glucagon decreases
What are the three types of classification of mammalian hormones
Paracrine, endocrine and autocrine