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Nationalism > types of nationalism > Flashcards

types of nationalism Flashcards

1
Q

what are the types of nationalism

A 
liberal nationalism 
conservative nationalism(traditional form)
radical nationalism
post colonial nationalism 
black nationalism
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2
Q

where does the earliest form of modern nationalism come from (liberal nationalism)

A

enlightenment
development of natural rights theory
liberalism

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3
Q

what led nationalist to believe the nation state was the ultimate expression of rational government (liberal nationalism)

A

stress on rational thinking+right of individuals to determine own free will

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4
Q

if individuals had to sacrifice their rights to give to governments, how was this supposed to be achieved (liberal nationalism)

A

consent and not force

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5
Q

where were the ideas of self determination and government by consent first seen (liberal nationalism)

A

establishment of USA 1787

1st French republic 1791

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6
Q

when did liberal nationalism reach its ultimate expression (liberal nationalism)

A

the fourteen point peace plan

President Wilson 1918

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7
Q

what did president Wilson’s peace plan insist (liberal nationalism)

A

all recognised nations entitled to self govern

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8
Q

what are the principles of liberal nationalism

A

1) recognisable nations can form a state
2) nation state must be based on self determination
3) each state recognise recognise rights of others+don’t interfere wi their national affairs
4) nation states have equal status

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9
Q

what were liberal nationalists supporters of

A

democratic gov
respect rights
abolition of monarchy

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10
Q

where does liberal nationalism flourish

A

countries that are part of a larger states

want to be free+independent

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11
Q

give example of where liberal nationalism flourishes

A

scotland
wales
NI (1/3 population nationalists)

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12
Q

civic nationalism (liberal nationalism)

A

shared national pride in values of nation

liberal democracies=tolerance,liberty,equality

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13
Q

what is expected of new arrivals to a country (liberal nationalism)

A

adopt same pride+identity

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14
Q

what do liberal nationalists think about relationship between nations

A

one shouldn’t interfere with value system of another

all nation equal right to sovereignty

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15
Q

what idea is closely linked with liberal nationalism

A

liberal internationalism

each nation should respect values of the others

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16
Q

why were conservative nationalist suspicious of liberal nationalists

A

thought it’d lead to destruction of authority

church+monarchy

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17
Q

politicians who adopted conservative nationalism saw it as a way to do what?

A

further interests of the state

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18
Q

give an example of a conservative nationalist statesmen

A

Bismarck (1815-98)

prussian nationalism=people could unite

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19
Q

what two nationalist goals did Bismarck want to pursue (conservative nationalist)

A

volkgeist (spirit that binds people)
take over european continent
aka; ‘iron and blood’

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20
Q

why was Garibaldi a conservative nationalist

A

wanted liberation as well as defensiveness

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21
Q

give an example of a key convservative nationalist today

A

Vladimir Putin
unity from remains of SU
pursue nationalist interest around boaders+wider world
ideology based on collective will of people

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22
Q

why does Putin obsess with showing strong leadership (conservative nationalism)

A

inspires people to put self interest aside

work for the homeland

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23
Q

what can conservative nationalism turn itself into

A

imperialism+colonialism

24
Q

when did imperialism+colonialism reach its height (conservative nationalism)

A

19th century

Britain, France, Spain created overseas empires when governed by con nationalists

25
Q

at the height of imperialism how was nationalist identity expressed (conservative nationalism)

A

through colonialism

26
Q

what outlawed colonialism (conservative nationalism)

A

united nations 1945

27
Q

what is the 20th century ‘corrupt’ form of conservative nationalism known as

A

facism (radical nationalism)

28
Q

fascism

A

advocated complete subjugation of individual to will of governing party of state

29
Q

if people challenged the will of leader what were they (radical nationalism)

A

traitors to the people

30
Q

where does fascism place power (radical nationalism)

A

power+will of political state above nation

31
Q

how do fascists see the nation (radical nationalism)

A

servant to the state

32
Q

what is anti colonial+post colonial nationalism

A

movements during colonial period or ones after which dominated political agenda
underpinned by political traditions

33
Q

give examples of anti-colonial leaders

A

Mahatma Ghandi India

Ho Chi Mi Vietnam

34
Q

why did post colonial areas adopt a strong political identities (anti colonial+post colonial nationalism)

A

originally artificial so lack of national distinctiveness

35
Q

what are the three main political traditions post colonial states adopted

A
  • marxism/socialism+post colonial nationalism
  • religion
  • leadership cults
36
Q

why is marxism socialism + nationalism an unsual combination (post colonial nationalism)

A

marxist opposes any consciousness (e.g religion) takes away from socialist consciousness
but nationalist leaders been supported by communist regimes

37
Q

why did post colonial leaders adopts socialists policies

A

stop economic imperialism of international corporations (outsiders see developing states investment opportunities)

38
Q

give an example of post colonial nationalist heroes

A

Mugabe Zimbabwe

Castro Cuba

39
Q

even though Cuba wasn’t a colonial state in 1959, why is Castro still seen as a hero (post colonial nationalism)

A

overthrew Batista Regime (tool of US economic imperialism)

40
Q

which countries have adopted a form of religious nationalism (post colonial nationalism)

A

Islamic countries

led to concept ‘Islamic state’

41
Q

concept of ‘Islamic State’ (post colonial nationalism)

A

nationalism allied wi Islamic values+law

national identity can’t be achieved without religion to underpin it

42
Q

give an example of an Islamic state leader

A

Muammar Gaddafi

1942-2011

43
Q

why have leadership cults developed in post colonial sates

A

difficult to establish a national identity and democracy

44
Q

leadership cult (post colonial nationalism)

A

ruler seek to create national identity by force

leader embodies ‘spirit of nation’

45
Q

give examples of a leadership cult

A

Idi Amin -president of Uganda
Kenneth Kaunda Zambia-banned opposition parties
Africa’s longest serving absolute ruler

46
Q

four forms of expansionist nationalism

A 
imperialism 
pan-nationalism 
militarism 
chauvinism 
racial conquest
47
Q

imperialism (expansionist nationalism)

A

associated with con nationalism in 19th century

48
Q

pan nationalism (expansionist nationalism)

A

unite people spread across states e.g pan arabism

49
Q

militarism (expansionist nationalism)

A

strong military capability

prepared to use aggressively- defend/promote national interests

50
Q

Chauvinism (expansionist nationalism)

A

exaggerated patriotism+national pride

one nation superior to others

51
Q

racial conquest (expansionist nationalism)

A

racist nationalist think own race is superior

think entitled to territory occupied by different racial group

52
Q

conservative nationalism is expansionist in nature? YES

A

used imperialism+ militarism

53
Q

conservative nationalism is expansionist in nature? NO

A

nativism is isolationist
respect independence of other nations
exapansionist nationalism largely historical
globalisation replace nationalist expansion

54
Q

who introduced black nationalism

A

Marcus Garvey

55
Q

what is black nationalism

A

looks at common ancestry +foster sense of nationalism between black peoples

56
Q

what did Malcolm X create in 1960s USA (black nationalism)

A

black nationalist movement

combine-islamic principles+racial identity

57
Q

what was Malcolm X’s idea called (black nationalism)

A

Nation of Islam
he saw black race as superior to white
movement threatened to takeover
overtaken by liberal movement-equality

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