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Neuroendocrine Exam 3 > Auditory Pathways > Flashcards

Auditory Pathways Flashcards

1
Q

how is auditory information received?

A

by cochlear nucleus by fibers in the cochlear nerve

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2
Q

fibers from the cochlear nerve enter the brainstem where and then do what?

A

at the cerebellopontine angle and then split into ascending and descending bundles

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3
Q

where does the ascending bundle synapse at?

A

at the anterior part of the anterior cochlear nucleus

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4
Q

where does the descending bundle synapse at?

A

the posterior part of the anterior cochlear nucleus and posterior part of the posterior cochlear nucleus

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5
Q

what are the monaural tracts important for?

A

information about sounds at a single ear

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6
Q

what are the binaural tracts important for?

A

manages information about differences between sounds at both ears

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7
Q

central deafness is defined as damage to what?

A

the central pathways- everything from the cochlear nuclei up

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8
Q

central deafness rarely results in what?

A

in ipsilateral deafness–> people are not actually deaf, they are just unable to identify where the sound is coming from

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9
Q

what is sensorineural deafness?

A

damage to the cochlea or cochlear root of CN VIII

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10
Q

what is the presentation of sensorineural deafness?

A

ipsilateral deafness of structure affected

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11
Q

what could cause sensorineural deafness?

A

antibiotics, tumors, or repeated exposure to loud noises

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12
Q

what is conduction deafness?

A

obstructed or altered transmission of sound to tympanic membrane or through ossicle chain of middle ear

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13
Q

what could cause conduction deafness?

A

damage to pinna, excess ear wax, damage to tympanic membrane

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14
Q

what is the blood supply of the cochlea and auditory nuclei of the pons and medulla?

A

basilar artery

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15
Q

what is the blood supply of the inner ear and cochlear nuclei?

A

internal auditory artery

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16
Q

what does occlusion of the internal auditory artery result in?

A

monaural hearing loss with ipsilateral facial paralysis and the inability to look toward the side of the lesion

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17
Q

what is the blood supply of the superior olivary complex and lateral lemniscus?

A

short circumferential branches of the basilar artery

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18
Q

what is the blood supply of the inferior colliculus?

A

superior cerebellar and quadrigeminal arteries

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19
Q

what is the blood supply of the medial geniculate bodies?

A

thalamogeniculate arteries

20
Q

what is the blood supply of the primary auditory and association cortices?

A

branches of M2 segment of the middle cerebral artery

21
Q

the hemisphere that controls language is considered what?

A

the dominant hemisphere

22
Q

what is broca’s area responsible for?

A

production of language (spoken, written, or signed)

23
Q

what is wernicke’s area responsible for?

A

comprehension of language (spoken and signed)

24
Q

what does broca’s area work with and for what reason?

A

the frontal lobe, which adds syntax, grammer, and higher order motor aspects of speech

25
Q

what does wernicke’s area work with and for what reason?

A

the parietal and temporal lobe, which add lexicon (vocabulary) and attaching sounds to their meaning

26
Q

what is the arcuate fasciculus?

A

it is a connecting network between broca’s and wernicke’s area

27
Q

what is the purpose of the arcuate fasciculus?

A

it allows the combination of speaking coherently, understanding what is being said to us, and then responding appropriately

28
Q

What is the non-dominant hemisphere responsible for?

A

non-verbal communication- tone of voice

29
Q

what is the area analogous to broca’s responsible for?

A

producing non-verbal communication (how you can change your tone to cause sarcasm)

30
Q

what is the area analogous to wernicke’s area responsible for?

A

comprehending non-verbal communication

31
Q

what does a lesion in the area analogous to broca’s area cause?

A

motor aprosodia

32
Q

what does a lesion in the area analogous to wernicke’s area cause?

A

sensory aprosodia

33
Q

what area differentiates where and when a sound is coming from?

A

the primary auditory cortex

34
Q

what area classifies the sound (with assistance from the primary auditory cortex along with visual and somesthetic information) as what it is?

A

the auditory association cortex

35
Q

what is auditory agnosia?

A

the inability to identify something, but to still be able to perceive it

36
Q

what is auditory agnosia caused by?

A

bilateral lesions to the anterior superior temporal lobes

37
Q

what is broca’s aphasia caused by?

A

tumors and occlusions of the frontal M4 branches of the middle cerebral artery

38
Q

what is wernicke’s aphasia caused by?

A

occlusion of the temporal and parietal M4 branches of the middle cerebral artery as well as hemorrhages into the thalamus

39
Q

what would cause damage to both broca’s and wernicke’s area?

A

occlusion of the left internal carotid or proximal portion of the middle cerebral artery

40
Q

what is conduction aphasia?

A

comprehension is normal, speech is fluent, but patient has difficulty translating what someone has said to him/her in appropriate reply (problem with repetition)

41
Q

what causes conduction aphasia?

A

interruptions of the connections linking the broca and wernicke’s area (arcuate fasciculus)

42
Q

what is transcortical motor aphasia?

A

similar to broca’s aphasia but repetition is maintained

43
Q

what causes transcortical motor aphasia?

A

anterior watershed infarct

44
Q

what is transcortical sensory aphasia?

A

similar to wernicke’s aphasia but repetition is maintained

45
Q

what causes transcortical sensory aphasia?

A

posterior watershed infarct

46
Q

what is mixed transcortical aphasia?

A

it is similar to global aphasia, but repetition is maintained. both brocas and wernicke’s symptoms

Neuroendocrine Exam 3 (19 decks)

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