History Flashcards

1
Q

What is genetic engineering?

A

Technology that allows you to;
isolate/characterise genes
produce and characterise proteins
alter the genetic makeup of an organism through new genes or loss of existing genes

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2
Q

When did scientists discover that DNA could be transferred between organisms?

A

1946

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3
Q

When did Cohen and Boyer pioneer DNA transfer and what was it pioneered in?

A

1972-1974 in bacterial systems

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4
Q

When was southern hybridisation made?

A

1975

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5
Q

When was DNA beginning to be sequenced?

A

1977-1980

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6
Q

When were transgenic animals beginning to be produced and what were they?

A

19080 where dominant oncogenes were inserted into mice

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7
Q

When were transgenic plants produced and what were they?

A

1983 where antibiotic-resistant tobacco was produced

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8
Q

When was PCR made?

A

1985

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9
Q

When was site-directed mutagenesis made and what does it do?

A

1985 and allows for mutations of codons

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10
Q

When was the first transgenic animal declared ‘safe to eat’ by the FDA?

A

2012 after a 17-year registration process

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11
Q

Describe RNA interference in maize

A

SmartStaxProMaize expressed dsRNA for enhanced resistance to insect pests

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12
Q

What is genome editing?

A

DNA is inserted, depleted, or replaced using engineered nucleases

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13
Q

Name 3 genome editing tools that use nucleases

A

Zing finger nucleases
Transcription activator-like effector based nucleases
CRISPR associated protein 9 (Cas9)

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