Attachment

Question 1

What is attachment?

Answer 1

Close enduring emotional bonds formed between a child and a caregiver.

Question 2

What is the psychoanalytic theory for why infants become attached? (2)

Answer 2

1. Mom satisfies babies’ oral needs. 2. The first relationship provides model for all others.

Question 3

What is the behaviorist theory of attachment?

Answer 3

Mom provides relief from hunger. Positive associations lead to attachment.

Question 4

What is an example of a behaviorist experiment about attachment?

Answer 4

Harlow’s monkeys.

Question 5

What was Bowlby’s Ethology Theory inspired by?

Answer 5

Ethology (Lorenz).

Question 6

What is Bowlby’s Ethology Theory? (2)

Answer 6

1. Attachment is adaptive - helps child survive. 2. Attachment provides model for future relationships.

Question 7

What is the most influential theory of attachment?

Answer 7

Bowlby’s Ethology Theory.

Question 8

When does stranger anxiety occur?

Answer 8

At around 6-7 months.

Question 9

When does separation anxiety peak?

Answer 9

At around 13-15 months.

Question 10

When does separation anxiety emerge?

Answer 10

At around 8 months.

Question 11

When does stranger anxiety last until?

Answer 11

Around 2 years.

Question 12

What is “Secure base behavior”?

Answer 12

Using the caregiver as a “base of operations.”

Question 13

What was the Strange situation? (3)

Answer 13

1. Used for children 1-2 years old. 2. Series of separations and reunions. 3. Stranger introduced.

Question 14

What percent of children were classified as having a Secure attachment?

Answer 14

60%.

Question 15

What percent of children were classified as having a Insecure-Avoidant attachment?

Answer 15

15%.

Question 16

What percent of children were classified as having a Insecure-Resistant (or ambivalent) attachment?

Answer 16

9-10%.

Question 17

What percent of children were classified as having a Disorganized/Disoriented attachment?

Answer 17

15%.

Question 18

What is a secure attachment? (3)

Answer 18

1. Explore freely in caregiver’s presence. 2. Often visibly upset when caregiver leaves. 3. Greet caregiver warmly at reunion.

Question 19

What is an Insecure-Avoidant attachment? (3)

Answer 19

1. Little or no distress upon separation. 2. Avoid contact with caregiver upon reunion. 3. May show more positive behaviors with stranger.

Question 20

What is an Insecure-resistant (or ambivalent) attachment? (3)

Answer 20

1. Thoroughly distressed by separation. 2. Don’t settle easily upon reunion. 3. Mix proximity-seeking and angry behaviors.

Question 21

What is a Disorganized/Disoriented attachment? (3)

Answer 21

1. Confused, contradictory behaviors. 2. Dazed, fearful facial expressions. 3. Frozen postures.

Question 22

When is a Disorganized/Disoriented attachment likely? (2)

Answer 22

1. Abuse. 2. Severe mental illness is present in parents.

Question 23

Parental anxiety may lead to what kind of attachment style?

Answer 23

Insecure-resistant.

Question 24

Which attachment style is correlated with the most social-emotional problems?

Answer 24

Disorganized/Disoriented.

Question 25

Do all babies become attached?

Answer 25

Yes.

Question 26

What are the benefits of secure attachment? (3)

Answer 26

1. Social emotional competence. 2. More attentive and involved at school. 3. Positive psychological, emotional, and cognitive outcomes later in life.

Question 27

Romanian orphanage children before what age made rapid improvements?

Answer 27

Before age 3.

Question 28

Romanian orphanage children exhibited autism-like traits by what point?

Answer 28

Once adopted after 6 months.