B1.4/1.5

Question 1

Function of a red blood cell

Answer 1

• function = carry blood around body

Question 2

Structure of a red blood cell

Answer 2

structure= haemoglobin, biconcave shape, no nucleus, flexible

Question 3

Functions of a nerve cell

Answer 3

• function = carry electric impulses around the body

Question 4

Structure of a nerve cell

Answer 4

• structure = lots of dendrites, an axon, synapses

Question 5

Function of a muscle cell

Answer 5

• function = to contract and relax muscles in the body

Question 6

Structure of a muscle cell

Answer 6

• structure: special proteins, mitochondria, store glycogen

Question 7

function of an egg cell

Answer 7

Carry female DNA and create the right environment for fertilisation.

Question 8

structures of an egg cell

Answer 8

Nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane.

Question 9

function of a sperm cell

Answer 9

Carry male DNA and fertilise the egg.

Question 10

structures of a sperm cell

Answer 10

Flagellum, mitochondria, acrosome, large nucleus.

Question 11

function of a root hair cell

Answer 11

Absorb water and mineral ions to be moved up the cell via active transport.

Question 12

structures of a root hair cell?

Answer 12

Large surface area, permanent vacuole, many mitochondria, no chloroplasts

Question 13

function of a palisade cell

Answer 13

Produce own food and absorb sunlight

Question 14

structures of a palisade cell

Answer 14

Tightly packed chloroplasts, mitochondria , permanent vacuole.

Question 15

function of phloem cells

Answer 15

Living cells that transport food.

Question 16

structures in a phloem cells

Answer 16

Cell wall, sieve plates, companion cells.

Question 17

function of xylem cells

Answer 17

Function: carry water and minerals through the plant and help support it

Question 18

structure of a xylem cells

Answer 18

Dead cells, no cytoplasm, no nucleus,hollow tubes and lignin

Question 19

Adaptations of red blood cells

Answer 19

• haemoglobin = red pigment which oxygen binds to
• biconcave shape = large surface area to carry oxygen
• no nucleus = more space for oxygen
• flexible = so blood can squeeze through capillaries

Question 20

Adaptations of nerve cells

Answer 20

Dendrites = make connections to other nerve cells
Axon = carries nerve impulses
Synapse = chemical gap between cells that have lots of space

Question 20

Adaptations of muscle cells

Answer 20

Special proteins = slide over each other making it contract
Mitochondria = transfer energy needed for chemical reactions to take place when contracting/relaxing
Stores Glycogen = used in cellular respiration for the fibres to contract

Question 21

Adaptations of egg cell

Answer 21

Nucleus = contains contains female dna and 23 chromosomes
Cytoplasm = increases surface area to allow more nutrients to be stored/allow growth
Cell membrane = changes after fertilisation so that no sperm may enter

Question 22

Adaptations of sperm cell

Answer 22

Flagellum = allows movement of cell
full of mitochondria = to make energy
Acrosome = contains enzymes used to break outer layer of egg
Nucleus = contains male dna to be passed on and has 23 chromosomes

Question 22

Adaptations of root hair cell

Answer 22

Large surface area= absorbs more water
Vacuole = speeds up active transport of water by osmosis form soil across cell
Mitochondria = transfer energy needed for active transport of mineral ions to cell
No chloroplast = no sunlight underground

Question 23

Adaptations of Palisade cells

Answer 23

Chloroplast = trap light needed for photosynthesis Mitochondria = provide energy for respiration Vacuole =keeps cell rigid as a result of osmosis to support the stem and spread leaf out to trap more light

Question 24

Adaptations of phloem cells

Answer 24

Sieve plates = break down dissolved food to move freely round tubes Companion cells = help to keep cells alive by transferring their energy to move food around Cell wall = provides structure and support

Question 25

Adaptations of xylem cells

Answer 25

Hollow tubes = allow water to move up/down Lignin = make cells very strong and help withstand water pressure, support stem of plant No nucleus or cytoplasm = needs space for the flow of water Dead cells = so there is a continuous flow of water