B2.1 - Cell Division

Question 1

Gene

Answer 1

• small packet of info that controls a characteristic

- unique molecule that makes up your chromosomes

Question 2

Inherited chromosomes

Answer 2

-in each pair 1 is inherited from your mother and 1 from your father

Question 3

how many human chromosomes are there and in pairs

Answer 3

• 46 chromosomes

- 23 pairs

Question 4

Gametes and chromosomes

Answer 4

• only have 1 chromosome in each pair

- total 23 chromosomes

Question 5

Cell cycle definition

Answer 5

• series of stages where cells divide
• for replacement, reparation, growth
• replacing worn out cells or damaged tissue

Question 6

Mitosis

Answer 6

• produces 2 identical daughter cells

- causes all your body cells to have the same genetic info

Question 7

Mitosis in asexual reproduction

Answer 7

• produces offspring from parent cell
• no genetic variation
• exact same genes as the parent cell

Question 8

Different rates of the cell cycle throughout your life

Answer 8

• short as a baby develops before it’s born
• rapid during childhood
• slows down after puberty but still occurs throughout adulthood

Question 9

Stage 1 of the cell cycle

Answer 9

• longest stage
• cells grow bigger + increase their mass
• carries out normal cell activities
• replicate their DNA to form another copy
• increase of sub-cellular structures e.g mitochondria

Question 10

Stage 2 of the cell cycle

Answer 10

• Mitosis
• 1 set of chromosomes is pulled to either side of the parent cell to divide
• nucleus splits

Question 11

Stage 3 of the cell cycle

Answer 11

• cytoplasm and cell membrane divide

- forming 2 identical daughter cells

Question 12

Diploid chromosomes meaning

Answer 12

full set of chromosomes

Question 13

Diploid chromosomes in humans

Answer 13

• 46 chromosomes

- 23 pairs

Question 14

homologous pairs

Answer 14

• chromosomes are grouped in these pairs

- human = 23 pairs

Question 15

haploid meaning

Answer 15

half a set of chromosomes

Question 16

chromosomes that determines the sex of the baby

Answer 16

• 23rd pair determines sex
• the first chromosome comes from the mother
• second chromosome comes from the father
• father’s chromosomes decides sex

Question 17

Male sex chromosome

Answer 17

XY

Question 18

Female sex chromosome

Answer 18

XX

Question 19

cytokinesis

Answer 19

-when the cytoplasm divides

Question 20

chromosomes

Answer 20

• structures made of DNA
• Found in apis
• Found in the nucleus that contains inherited material

Question 21

DNA

Answer 21

-unique chemical that makes up genetic material

Question 22

Size of genetic material, starting from the smallest

Answer 22

• DNA
• GENE
• CHROMOSOME