B1a - Cell Structure

Question 1

Nucleus

Answer 1

Contains the genetic material and controls the cells activity

Question 2

Mitochondria

Answer 2

Where aerobic respiration takes place which releases energy from food

Question 3

Ribosomes

Answer 3

Where protein synthesis takes place

Question 4

Cell membrane

Answer 4

Controls what enters and leaves a cell

Question 5

Cellulose

Answer 5

The strong substance that plant and algal cell walls are made from

Question 6

Cytoplasm

Answer 6

The liquid part of a cell where many essential reactions take place

Question 7

Chloroplast

Answer 7

Where photosynthesis takes place, which makes glucose

Question 8

Chlorophyll

Answer 8

The green chemical in chloroplast which is needed to absorb light energy

Question 9

Permanent Vacuole

Answer 9

Filled with cell sap. Used for storage and support

Question 10

Eukaryotic cells

Answer 10

Cell which have the genetic material in a nucleus eg. plants and animal

Question 11

Prokaryotic cells

Answer 11

• Bacteria cells
• Contains cytoplam, cell membrane, cell wall
• DNA in not in nucleus
• Single DNA loop
• Can be 1 or more rings called plasmids

Question 12

Magnification

Answer 12

How many times bigger an object appears compared to its actual size

Question 13

Resolving Power

Answer 13

The ability to distinguish between object close together and see in greater detail

Question 14

Flagella

Answer 14

These allow cells to move/swim

Question 15

Plasmid

Answer 15

Small loops of DNA that contain a small number of genes

Question 16

Specialised cell

Answer 16

A cell that has features that allow it to carry out a particular function

Question 17

Root hair cell function

Answer 17

To absorb minerals

Question 18

Root hair cell adapt.

Answer 18

• Large surface area
• Many mitochondria to transfer energy needed for mineral transport

Question 19

Xylem cell function

Answer 19

To carry water and minerals ions from the roots - supports the plant

Moves only up the plant

Question 20

Xylem Cell adapt.

Answer 20

• The walls thicken with lignin and when the cells die they become hollow
• The lignin spirals strength the walls and supports the cell

Question 21

Phloem Cell function

Answer 21

Carry sugar and amino acids around the plant (up and down)

Question 22

Phloem Cell adapt.

Answer 22

• the cell wall breakdown to form sieves plate which allow sugar dissolved in water to move freely
• have little sub cellular structure and rely on companion cells which have many mitochondria to transfer energy need to load sugar into the vessels

Question 23

Sperm Cell function

Answer 23

To carry male genetic material to the egg

Question 24

Sperm Cell adapt

Answer 24

• The nucleus is filled with genetic material
• has a long tail to swim fast
• many mitochondria to transfer energy needed for the tail to work
• The acrosomes store enzyme to breakdown the outer layer of the egg

Question 25

Nerve Cell function

Answer 25

To carry electrical impulses around the body. Provide rapid communication between body parts

Question 26

Nerve Cell Adapt.

Answer 26

- Axon covered in a fatty sheath which increases the speed of electrical impulses - Axons are very long to carry the impulses far - Lots of dendrites to make connections with other cells

Question 27

Muscle Cell function

Answer 27

To contract and relax intern moving muscles

Question 28

Muscle Cell Adapt.

Answer 28

- Many mitochondria to transfer energy required to contract - special fibres that slide over eachother making muscle fibres contract - store glycogen which can be used for cellular respiration

Question 29

magnification triangle

Answer 29

- I AM - Image size = actual * Magnification

Question 30

How big is a micrometre

Answer 30

1000x smaller than a mm

Question 31

how big is a nanometre

Answer 31

1000x small than a micrometre

Question 32

Differences between electron microscope and light microscope

Answer 32

Light Microscope Max magnification: x2000 Cheaper and Smaller Uses light Can use live specimens Uses colour Can’t see all organelles: ribosomes, mitochondria, chloroplast Electron Microscope Max magnification: 2,000,000 Expensive, large Work by counting electrons Uses dead specimens Black and White Can see detailed organelles