B5: Human Biology- Circulation and Digestion

Question 1

Urea

Answer 1

A waste product formed in the liver from the breakdown of proteins.

Question 2

3 Red Blood Cell Properties

Answer 2

> Biconcave discs (largest SA)
Haemoglobin to carry O2
No nucleus, more space for haemoglobin

Question 3

Oxygen + Haemoglobin ->

Answer 3

Oxyhemoglobin

Question 4

2 Types of White Blood Cells

Answer 4

PHAGOCYTES- Engulf bacteria and viruses

LYMPHOCYTES- Produce antibodies

Question 5

Antigens

Answer 5

Proteins on the surface of cells

Question 6

Antibodies

Answer 6

Proteins made by the white blood cells which agglutinate to antigens of the same letter (A to a)

Question 7

Platelets

Answer 7

Small fragments of cells that have no nucleus

Question 8

3 roles of White Blood Cells

Answer 8

> To ingest microorganisms
To produce antibodies
To produce antitoxins

Question 9

What is carried in plasma?

Answer 9

> Excess CO2
Small soluble pieces of food
Urea

Question 10

3 components of blood plasma

Answer 10

> White blood cells
Red blood cells
Platelets

Question 11

Coronary Heart Disease

Answer 11

Heart disease caused by problems with the coronary arteries that supply the heart muscle with oxygenated blood.

Question 12

What is the sinoatrial node?

Answer 12

A group of cells in the right atrium of the heart that act as a natural pacemaker.

Question 13

Coronary Arteries

Answer 13

An artery which carries oxygenated blood to the muscle of the heart.

Question 14

Aorta

Answer 14

Carries oxygenated blood from the lungs.

Question 15

Pulmonary Artery

Answer 15

Takes deoxygenated blood to the lungs

Question 16

Vena Cava

Answer 16

Brings deoxygenated blood into the heart

Question 17

Artery

Answer 17

Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart.
Pressurised
Thick walls
Small Lumen

Question 18

Veins

Answer 18

Carry deoxygenated blood to the heart.
Less Pressurised
Large lumen
Thin walls
Valves

Question 19

Capillary

Answer 19

Walls are single cell thick

Tiny vessel with narrow lumen

Question 20

What is blood clotting?

Answer 20

A series of enzyme controlled reactions that change fibrinogen -> fibrin.

Question 21

Stents

Answer 21

A metal mesh placed in the artery which is used to open up the blood vessel by the inflation of a tiny balloon.

Question 22

Artificial Pacemaker

Answer 22

An electrical device to replace the sinoatrial node when is malfunctions.

Question 23

Downside of a mechanical heart valve

Answer 23

User has to take anti blood clot medication for the rest of their life.

Question 24

pH of the stomach

Answer 24

Acidic

Question 25

pH of the small intestine

Answer 25

Alkaline

Question 26

Bile- Where is it made, where is it stored?

Answer 26

Made in the liver

Stored in the Gall Bladder

Question 27

Bile and pH

Answer 27

Bile is squirted from the bile duct onto acidic food from the stomach to make it alkaline for the small intestine.

Question 28

Bile and Fats

Answer 28

Bile emulsifies fats to make it easier for enzymes to break them down.

Question 29

Blood Group B ANTIGENS + antibodies

Answer 29

B

a

Question 30

Blood Group A ANTIGENS + antibodies

Answer 30

A

b

Question 31

Blood Group O ANTIGENS + antibodies

Answer 31

-

a and b

Question 32

Blood Group AB ANTIGENS + antibodies

Answer 32

A and B

-