Basic Chemistry

Question 1

Atom

Answer 1

The smallest unit of matter that maintains the properties of an element

Question 2

Element

Answer 2

Any substance that cannot be broken down to any other substance by chemical reactions

Question 3

Compound

Answer 3

A substance consisting of two or more different elements combined in a fixed ratio

Question 4

Molecule

Answer 4

Two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds

Question 5

Isotope

Answer 5

• One of several atomic forms of an element
• Same number of protons
• Different number of neutrons
• Differ in atomic mass

Question 6

Covalent Bond

Answer 6

A type of strong chemical bond in which two atoms share one or more pairs of valence electrons

Question 7

Ionic Bond

Answer 7

A chemical bond resulting from the attraction between oppositely charged ions

Question 8

Nonpolar Covalent Bond

Answer 8

A type of covalent bond in which electrons are shared equally between two atoms of similar electronegativity

Question 9

Polar Covalent Bond

Answer 9

• A covalent bond between atoms that differ in electronegativity
• Shared electrons are pulled closer to the more electronegative atom, making it slightly negative and the other atom slightly positive

Question 10

Structural Formula

Answer 10

• A chemical formula that shows the arrangement of atoms in a molecule or a polyatomic ion
• Each dash between a pair of atoms indicates a pair of shared electrons

Question 11

Molecular Formula

Answer 11

• A chemical formula that shows the number and kinds of atoms in each molecule
• Does not show the arrangement of atoms

Question 12

Hydrogen Bond

Answer 12

A type of weak chemical bond that is formed when the slightly positive hydrogen atom of a polar covalent bond in one molecule is attracted to the slightly negative atom of a polar covalent bond in another molecule (or other region of same molecule)

Question 13

Reactant

Answer 13

A starting material in a chemical reaction

Question 14

Product

Answer 14

A material resulting from a chemical reaction

Question 15

Monomer

Answer 15

The subunit that serves as the building block of a polymer

Question 16

Polymer

Answer 16

A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together by covalent bonds

Question 17

Hydrocarbon

Answer 17

An organic molecule consisting only of carbon and hydrogen