Bio Quiz 3 Flashcards Preview

Grade 11 Biology > Bio Quiz 3 > Flashcards

Flashcards in Bio Quiz 3 Deck (36)
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1
Q

Trisomy 21

A

Extra chromosome on chromosome 21.

Flat face, eyes slant up, white spots in iris, excessive flexibility.

2
Q

Trisomy 18 (Edwards)

A

Rocker bottom feet, fingers overlap, clenched fist, low-set ears

3
Q

Trisomy 13 (Patau)

A

Absent eyebrows, undescended/abnormal testes, extra fingers, cleft lip and or palate.

4
Q

Klinefelters syndrome (XXY)

A

Small testes, lack of facial pubic underarm hair, breast tissue development, poor muscle development.

5
Q

Turners Syndrome

A

Soft nails that turn upwards, short stature, do not start puberty naturally, osteoporosis.

6
Q

Trisomic zygote

A

Extra chromosome, offspring sometimes survive.

7
Q

Monosomic zygote

A

Chromosome lacking, rarely survive

8
Q

What is non disjunction

A

The failure of homo chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis.

9
Q

What are the 4 abnormal chromosome structures?

A

Duplication, deletion, inversion, translocation.

10
Q

What is mitosis?

A

Reproduction section of a cell’s life.

11
Q

What happens in the G1 phase?

A

Cell grows, organelles double.

12
Q

What is checked at the G1 checkpoint?

A

Adequate size, nutrient availability is sufficient, growth factors are present.

13
Q

WhAt happens in the S phase?

A

DNA gets copied

14
Q

What happens in the G2 phase?

A

Checking if the cell is ready for division.

15
Q

What is checked at the G2 checkpoint?

A

Cell size is adequate, chromosome replication is successfully completed

16
Q

Locus

A

Specific locations on the chromosomes where genes are found.

17
Q

Genetics

A

Scientific study of Heredity and variation. (How things change and how things are passed on)

18
Q

Chromosome

A

Capsule containing DNA

19
Q

DNA

A

Genetic material found in the chromosome.

20
Q

Gene

A

Subunit on DNA. They are codes for particular traits.

21
Q

Sexual reproduction

A

The fusion of two sex cells from two parents. The genetic makeup of the offspring is different from either parent. Half of genetic material comes from each parent.

22
Q

Asexual reproduction

A

Offspring is produced from one parent not using sex cells (binary fission). Offspring is identical to parent.

23
Q

Gamete

A

Sex cell

24
Q

Fertilization

A

Fusion of gametes resulting Ina zygote.

25
Q

Zygote

A

A fertilized egg

26
Q

Homologous chromosomes

A

Matching pairs of chromosomes, similar in size and carrying info for same genes.

27
Q

Haploid

A

1 set of chromosomes

28
Q

Diploid

A

2 sets of chromosomes (2n)

29
Q

What stage of meiosis does crossing over happen in?

A

Metaphase 1

30
Q

What is crossing over?

A

Random switching and swapping of chromosomes.

31
Q

When does random assortment happen?

A

Metaphase 1.

32
Q

What is random/independent assortment?

A

Random different cells next to each other.

33
Q

What are the reasons why kids are different?

A

Crossing over and random assortment introduce genetic variation into offspring.

34
Q

What is oogensis?

A

The production of mature egg cells.

35
Q

What happens during oogenesis and spermatogenesis?

A

46–23 +23–23+23+23+23

36
Q

Why is oohensis different than speratogenesis?

A

One of the daughter cells receives most of the cytoplasm, the other 3 (polar bodies)die.