C1 - Metals & Their Uses Flashcards

0
Q

What is a metal ore?

A

A rock containing enough of the metal to make it economically viable to extract the metal.

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1
Q

What happens to the ore in order to extract the metal?

A

The ore is mined and usually needs to be concentrated before the metal is extracted and purified.

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2
Q

Give two factors that affect whether a rock is a metal ore.

A
  • How easy it is to extract the ore.

- How much metal the ore contains.

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3
Q

What type of metals can be found in their native state?

A

Unreactive metals such as gold and silver

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4
Q

How is it decided which method of extraction to use in particular metal?

A

Their reactivity.

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5
Q

Which metals are extracted using carbon?

A

Less reactive metals.

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6
Q

How is carbon used to extract metals from their ores?

A

The metal oxide is heated with carbon which removes the oxygen from the metal oxide to form carbon dioxide.

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7
Q

Give the word word equation between a low-reactivity metal oxide with carbon.

A

metal oxide + carbon –> metal + carbon dioxide

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8
Q

What is the removal of oxygen from a compound called?

A

Chemical reduction

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9
Q

How are metals more reactive than carbon extracted by their ores?

A

Electrolysis.

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10
Q

How is iron ore reduced?

A

Iron is extracted using carbon in a blast furnace.

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11
Q

Why isn’t iron from a blast furnace useful?

A

Pure iron is too soft.

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12
Q

How is iron changed to be made useful?

A

Specific quantities of carbon and other elements are added to make alloys of steel with varying properties.

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13
Q

What are the main types of steel?

A
  • Low carbon steels which are easily shaped.
  • High carbon steels which are very hard.
  • Stainless steels which are resistant to corrosion.
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14
Q

What other elements do stainless steels contain?

A

Chromium or nickel

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15
Q

Give one key advantage of chromium nickel steels over iron steels.

A

They do not rust

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16
Q

Give two advantages of aluminium and titanium

A

They are both corrosion resistant.

They are both strong and light.

17
Q

Which method is used to extract aluminium from its ore?

A

Electrolysis

18
Q

Why are aluminium and titanium resistant to corrosion?

A

They both have an oxide layer on the outer surface.

19
Q

Give one disadvantage of electrolysis

A

The process is very expensive because of the energy needed to melt the compound.

20
Q

How is titanium extracted?

A

The original titanium oxide is converted to a chloride which is distilled to purify then the titanium is displaced by sodium or magnesium.

21
Q

How is copper extracted from copper rich ore?

A

Through the process of smelting or using sulfuric acid.

22
Q

How is copper extracted from low-grade ores?

A

Bioleaching using bacteria or plants through phytomining.

23
Q

How is copper purified after extraction?

A

Electrolysis

24
Q

Give one disadvantage of heating copper sulphide in air.

A

It produces sulphur dioxide gas which causes acid rain.

25
Q

Give the word equation for the decomposition of chalcocite.

A

copper sulfide + oxygen –> copper and sulfur dioxide

26
Q

How is acid rain prevented in chimneys?

A

Through the use of scrubbers which neutralise acidic gas.

27
Q

Give the word equation for the displacement of copper using iron.

A

iron + copper sulfate –> iron sulfate + copper

28
Q

Describe the process by extracting copper using phytomining.

A

Plants can absorb copper irons from discarded waste, then the plants are burnt and the metals can be extracted from the ash. Copper ions are then leached from the ash by adding sulphuric acid making a solution of copper sulphate. Displacement is used with iron as well as electrolysis to gain pure copper.

29
Q

What is bioleaching?

A

Bacteria feed on low-grade metal ores.

30
Q

Why alloys more useful than pure metals?

A

Alloys are generally harder

31
Q

Give two uses of copper.

A

Electrical wiring and alloyed with gold to produce hard wearing jewellery.

32
Q

Give three advantages of using copper.

A
  • It can easily be banned. It is hard enough not to be damaged easily.
  • It is very unreactive.
  • It conducts electricity and energy very well.
33
Q

What is brass made of?

A

Copper and zinc

34
Q

How many alloys of aluminium are currently available?

A

Over 300

35
Q

What is usually alloyed with gold when making jewellery?

A

Copper.

36
Q

Why is it important to recycle metals?

A

Recycling saves energy and the scarce ores as well as reducing pollution.

37
Q

Give four benefits of using metals in construction.

A
  • Copper is a good electrical conductor but not reactive with water.
  • Lead can be bent easily.
  • Steel is very strong.
  • Aluminium alloys are corrosion resistant.
38
Q

Give three three disadvantages of using metals in construction.

A
  • Iron and steel can rust.
  • Extracting metals causes pollution.
  • Metals are expensive.
40
Q

Give three examples of steel used in construction.

A
  • Steel girders in skyscrapers.
  • Steel cables for suspension bridges.
  • Steel rods used to reinforce concrete.
41
Q

Since you’ve been using these flashcards for free, please consider making a small donation for the hundreds of hours it took to make them.

A

http://bit.ly/21T6H3W

Thank you and good luck!