Flashcards in Cancer Deck (13)
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1
What is neoplasm?
Abnormal mass of tissue growth
Growth continues after stimulus is removed
2
What do we call the cancer cells?
Parenchyma
3
What is stroma?
Tissue around the cancer cels that consists of connective tissue, blood vessels, macrophages
4
How to tell if a toy our is benign or malignant by name?
Benign tumours end in -Oma
Except sarcoma and carcinoma
5
Difference between malignant and benign tumours
Malignant = undifferentiated cells
Grow faster
Infiltrate basal Latina
Metastasise
6
4 ways of metastasis
Lymphatic
Haematogenous
Body cavity
Contiguous = touching
7
3 ways of inheriting cancer
Autosomal dominant = familial adenomatous polyposis
Defective DNA repair = Xeroderma pigmentosum
Familial cancer syndrome = unknown cause but runs in family e.e multiple endocrine neoplasia
8
Non hereditary cancers
Risk factor e.g. liver cirrhosis and HCC
Inflammation and cytokines can cause cancer
9
What is carcinogenesis?
Acquiring malignancy in over a period of time due to multiple mutation
10
Carcinogens
Chemicals= may need to be processed elder they are carcinogenic
Viruses e.g. HPV cervical cancer
Radiation UV
11
4 regulatory genes and examples of cancers caused by loss of regulation in each
Oncogene = burkitts lymphoma mYC
Tumour suppressor genes = BRCA 1/2
DNA repair genes = genomic instability syndrome
Apoptosis = bcl2 unregulated in lymphomas
12
Diagnosis and testing
Biopsy
Fine needle aspiration
Scans
PCR / FISH
13
