case studies coasts

Question 1

HOLDERNESS CASE STUDY- COSTAL EROSION:

loco and background?

Answer 1

Holderness
Includes Spurns Head
fastest eroding coastline in Europe- nearly 2m per year
at least 29 villages have been lost to it since roman times

Question 2

HOLDERNESS CASE STUDY- COSTAL EROSION:

social impacts

Answer 2

• by 2100, 200 homes will fall into the sea
• caravan parks are under threat
• farmers want money to protect their farmland

Question 3

HOLDERNESS CASE STUDY- COSTAL EROSION:

economic impacts

Answer 3

• costly to rebuild lost areas

- little financial help to people who are vulnerable

Question 4

HOLDERNESS CASE STUDY- COSTAL EROSION:

environmental impacts

Answer 4

• biodiversity=threatened

- bird life reserves threatened (spurns head)

Question 5

HOLDERNESS CASE STUDY- COSTAL EROSION:

responses

Answer 5

Yorkshire council used £1.2 million to trial different ways of people adapting to an eroding coastline

Question 6

HOLDERNESS CASE STUDY- COSTAL EROSION:

why is costal erosion such an issue? (4 reasons)

Answer 6

-GEOLOGY-
consists mainly of boulder clay= weak
-FETCH: WIND DIRECTIONS, TIDES-
wave energy depends on the fetch, wind and waves are from the north east
-LONGSHORE DRIFT-
overall powerful and destructive waves, sediment is transported south leaving cliffs vulnerable
-SUBARIAL PROCESSES-
affected by weathering and mass movement.
mechanical and biological= most significant… freeze thaw weathering and slumping ( wetting and drying of rock- creates cracks-> rock cant support weight)

Question 7

COSTAL FLOODING IN BANGLADESH- CYCLONE SIDR: background info

Answer 7

• 40% of all recorded storm surges have occurred in Bangladesh.
• Bangladesh lies on the floodplains of 3 major rivers

Question 8

COSTAL FLOODING IN BANGLADESH- CYCLONE SIDR: Cyclone sidr

Answer 8

• cat. 4 storm
• forestry helped take out the sting of the cyclone
• costal districts and offshore islands suffered

Question 9

COSTAL FLOODING IN BANGLADESH- CYCLONE SIDR: social impacts

Answer 9

• drinking water= contaminated
• sanitation infrastructure destroyed= risk of disease
• death
• electricity supplies and communication knocked out

Question 10

COSTAL FLOODING IN BANGLADESH- CYCLONE SIDR: economic impacts

Answer 10

• $1.7 billion damage done/cost

- damaged crops/ damaged infrastructure

Question 11

COSTAL FLOODING IN BANGLADESH- CYCLONE SIDR: environmental impacts

Answer 11

• habitats destroyed
• loss of biodiversity
• damaged crops and mangroves

Question 12

COSTAL FLOODING IN BANGLADESH- CYCLONE SIDR: human factors affecting flood risk- Subsidence

Answer 12

• some of the estuaries have sunk by as much as 1.5 m in the last 50 years
• main reason for subsidence= drainage and clearance of 50 large islands (used to be a forest but now grow rice)
• human prevention has also prevented natural deposition of sediment

Question 13

COSTAL FLOODING IN BANGLADESH- CYCLONE SIDR: human factors affecting flood risk- Removing vegetation

Answer 13

• mangroves stabilise the coast- trap sediment, reducing isostatic sinking
• absorb and disperse tidal surges