Foundations Week 5 > celldivision > Flashcards

celldivision Flashcards

(80 cards)

Study These Flashcards
1
Q

total pairs of autosomal chromosomes

A

22

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

time for entire cycle

A

about 24 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

sudden seperation of daughter chromatids marks the beginning of this phase

A

anaphase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

allows anaphase to happen

A

APC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Function of CKI

A

arrest the cell cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

purpose of spindle

A

assembles to accurately segregate replicated chromosomes into identical daughters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

aster around centromeres

A

astral microtubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Links internal and external death pathways

A

Bid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

recognizes open kinetochores

A

Bub 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

adds phosphate group to activating site

A

CAK

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

removes inhibitory phosphate from M-Cdk

A

cdc25

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

binary biochemical on/off switches

A

CDK

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

adds phosphate group to CDk

A

CDK activating kinase (CAK)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Add phoshpate group to the inhibitory site

A

CDK inhibiting kinase - Wee1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

proteins that bind the cyclin-CDK complex and block the kinase activity

A

CDK inhibitors (CKI)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

during metaphase the daughter chromosomes are aligned at _______ and are connected to poles by bundles of _______.

A

center of cell, microtubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

chromatins remained connected at this point

A

centromere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

these identify the centromic DNA

A

centromeric proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

cyclin kinase inhibitor

A

CKI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

bind to cyclin-CDK complex and block the kinase activity of the CDK

A

CKIs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

protein complexes that hold replicated chromosomes together

A

cohesions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

chromsomes do this to prepare for M in G2

A

condense

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

carry out condensation and production of two compact sister chromatids

A

condensins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

cues that signal whether or not to divide

A

contact with other cells, presence/absence of growth factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
ring like array of actin and myosin filaments
contractile ring
26
most important regulatory protein
cyclin
27
full activation of CDK requires these 2 things
cyclin and a specific pattern of phosphorylation
28
protein kinases that regulate cell cycles
cyclin-dependant kinases
29
activated G1/S-Cdk and S-Cdk, drive cell into M phase
cyclins E and A
30
pinching of the cell into two daughter cells
cytokinesis
31
death inducing complex
DISC
32
FAS-->death domain-->DISC-->Activate Caspase-->proteolysis-->DEATH
External
33
apoptosis-inducing receptor
FAS
34
Monitor environmental conditions to remain cycling or continue dividing, Growth
G1
35
confirms enviroment is favorable
G1 checkpoint
36
phosphorylates retinoblastoma protein (Rb)
G1-Cdk
37
most commom cyclin-cdk complexes
G1-Cdk, G1/S-Cdk, S-Cdk, M-Cdk
38
phases of interphase
G1, S, and G2
39
drives cell through the restriction point
G1/S-Cdk
40
Chromosomes condense in preparation for mitosis, growth between S and M phase
G2
41
ensures DNA replication is complete
G2 checkpoint
42
tyrosine kinases
growth factor receptors
43
First step of leaving G1
Growth factors bind to their receptors
44
centromeres contain this special histone
H3 variant called CENP-A
45
Release cytochrome C from mitochondria -->Apaf1-->apoptosome-->caspases
Internal
46
motor proteins drive the tubules apart during anaphase
interpolar microtubules
47
connect daughter chromatids to microtubules
kinetochore
48
attach to chromatids
kinetochore microtubules
49
after cells reach their adult size they must decide between these 2
leave cell cycle or remain in cycle
50
ensures replicated chromosomes are attached to mitotic spindle
M checkpoint
51
nuclear envelope breakdown and chromosome condensation mark the beginning of this phase
M-phase
52
Activated by ras
MAP protein kinase cascade
53
Chromosomes align at equator
Metaphase
54
the contractile ring is made of this
microfilaments and myosin
55
chromosome segreation is mediated by ____ while cytkineis involves ______.
microtubule event, actin
56
types of forces that function to seperated chromosomes
microtubule polymerization, interaction with actin and myosin and activity of dynein and kinesins
57
these molecules reactivate cells that are in G0
mitogenic growth factors, EGF, PDGF etc.
58
process by which replicated chromosomes are segregated
mitosis
59
gene regulation protein that activate genes to actiavte G1-Cdk
Myc
60
terminal differentiation occurs in these cells
neurons and skeletal muscles
61
DNA replication begins here, associated with assembly of proteins
ORC
62
upregulated by p53- binds to cyclin-cdk
p21
63
final actiavtion of CDK occurs after this
phosphatase Cdc25 removes inhibitory phosphate
64
name stages of mitosis
PPMAT
65
Unwinds DNA and loads enzymes on the DNA strands
Pre-initiation complex
66
Assembly of Cdc6, Cdt1, Mcm helicases
Pre-RC
67
breakdown of nuclear envelope
Prometaphase
68
chromosomes condense
Prophase
69
these G-proteins activate a protein kinase cascade
Ras
70
in ligand binding, small G-protein activated by phosphorylated receptors
ras
71
inhibits transcription factor called E2F
Rb
72
Active G1-Cdk phosphorylates this ___, which inhibits this transcriptioin factor_____.
Rb, E2F
73
passage of this point commits to DNA synthesis
Restriction point R or start
74
DNA synthesis occurs, chromosomes replicate and chromatids formed, cell replicates DNA
S
75
Phosphorylation, release and destruction of pre-RC proteins
S-Cdk
76
proteins that make up cohesions
Smc and Scc
77
proteins that make up condensins
Smc proteins and accessory CAP proteins
78
Daughters arrive at poles; new nuclear envelope reassembles
Telophase
79
neurons and skeletal muscles cells exit to Go
terminal differentiation
80
Adds phosphate group to inhibitory site
Wee1
Foundations Week 5
flashcards
Decks in class (5)
# Cards
Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2026 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions