ch22

Question 1

the units of structure and function of living things

Answer 1

Cells

Question 2

the study of cells

Answer 2

Cytology

Question 3

first person to discover cells; created cytology

Answer 3

Robert Hooke

Question 4

states that all living things are composed of living things

Answer 4

Cell theory

Question 5

the size of an organism depends primarily on the _____ of its cells, not the _____ of its cells

Answer 5

number; not size

Question 6

living cells were regarded as simple bags of an amorphous gel or slime called ____

Answer 6

Protoplasm

Question 7

info: Scientists now know that a cell is like a tiny, self-contained city

Answer 7

Scientists now know that a cell is like a tiny, self-contained city

Question 8

Cells are __% water

Answer 8

70

Question 9

Three parts of Eukaryotic Cells

Answer 9

Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleus

Question 10

have a membrane-bound nucleus

Answer 10

Eukaryotes

Question 11

separates cell from external environment

Answer 11

Cell membrane

Question 12

lipid molecules that compose the cell membrane

Answer 12

Phospholipids

Question 13

found only in plants

Answer 13

Cell walls

Question 14

cannot be broken down

Answer 14

Cellulose

Question 15

the working area of the cell

Answer 15

Cytoplasm

Question 16

inside cell, gives pressure and support

Answer 16

Cytosol

Question 17

break down proteins

Answer 17

Enzymes

Question 18

provides internal framework for cell

Answer 18

Cytoskeleton

Question 19

Microtubules have a “________” system

Answer 19

mass-transport

Question 20

microtubule organizing center

Answer 20

Centrosome

Question 21

the power plant of a cell

Answer 21

Mitochondria

Question 22

protein factories

Answer 22

Ribosomes

Question 23

ER near the nucleus

Answer 23

Rough ER

Question 24

ER farther from the nucleus

Answer 24

Smooth ER

Question 25

the shipping center of a cell

Answer 25

Golgi apparatus

Question 26

a special type of vesicle that functions as a recycling center

Answer 26

Lysosome

Question 27

used for food storage

Answer 27

Vacuole

Question 28

the “control center” of the cell; contains the master unit of the cell (DNA)

Answer 28

Nucleus

Question 29

the master unit of the cell

Answer 29

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Question 30

separates the nucleus from the rest of the cell

Answer 30

Nuclear envelope

Question 31

serve as gates

Answer 31

Nuclear pores

Question 32

loosely coiled DNA in a cell nucleus

Answer 32

Chromatin

Question 33

distinct region within the nucleus that assembles ribosomes

Answer 33

Nucleolus

Question 34

The most pressing task that any living cell must accomplish is _____

Answer 34

staying alive

Question 35

a stable internal environment

Answer 35

Homeostasis

Question 36

water balance and solutes dissolved in water

Answer 36

Osmotic pressure

Question 37

deals with acids and bases in blood

Answer 37

pH

Question 38

The primary task of all cells

Answer 38

to obtain energy

Question 39

makes and stores energy

Answer 39

Photosynthesis

Question 40

releases energy

Answer 40

Cellular respiration

Question 41

energy carrier of the cell

Answer 41

ATP

Question 42

process by which cells produce ATP when the oxygen required for cellular respiration is not available

Answer 42

Fermentation

Question 43

movement of molecules across the cell membrane from a place of higher concentration to a place of lower concentration WITHOUT the expenditure of energy

Answer 43

Passive Transport

Question 44

movement of molecules across the cell membrane from a place of lower concentration to a place of higher concentration WITH the expenditure of energy

Answer 44

Active transport

Question 45

process by which a cell takes in large substances

Answer 45

Endocytosis

Question 46

process by which waste products are eliminated from the cytoplasm

Answer 46

Exocytosis

Question 47

life cycle of a cell

Answer 47

Cell Cycle

Question 47

stage between cell division

Answer 47

Interphase

Question 48

DNA molecule

Answer 48

Chromosome

Question 49

the nucleus of a cell divides to generate two nuclei with the same number of chromosomes as the original nucleus (cell division)

Answer 49

Mitosis

Question 50

programmed cell death

Answer 50

Apoptosis