ch23

Question 1

transmission of characteristics from parent to offspring

Answer 1

Heredity

Question 2

units of genetic information

Answer 2

Genes

Question 3

possibility for true or false: Environment and other factors affect genetic traits

Answer 3

Environment and other factors affect genetic traits

Question 4

possibility for true or false: Genes do not control a person’s character

Answer 4

Genes do not control a person’s character

Question 5

reproduction that occurs through mitosis

Answer 5

Asexual reproduction

Question 6

process by which a cell turns into a different type of cell

Answer 6

Differentiation

Question 7

union of gametes

Answer 7

Sexual reproduction

Question 8

body cell

Answer 8

Somatic cell

Question 9

process of egg and sperm uniting

Answer 9

Fertilization

Question 10

fertilized cell

Answer 10

Zygote

Question 11

special type of cell division in which a diploid germ cell divides into four haploid cells

Answer 11

Meiosis

Question 12

both chromosomes cover same genetic information, but one comes from the mother, and one from the father

Answer 12

Homologous

Question 13

when Homologous chromosomes pair up

Answer 13

Synapsis

Question 14

exchange of genetic material that results in recombination

Answer 14

Crossing over

Question 15

process in which homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material during meiosis

Answer 15

Recombination

Question 16

Father of genetics

Answer 16

Gregor Mendel

Question 17

scientific study of heredity

Answer 17

Genetics

Question 18

different forms of a gene for a particular trait

Answer 18

Alleles

Question 19

same allele from both parents

Answer 19

Homozygous

Question 20

different allele for both parents

Answer 20

Heterozygous

Question 21

Dominant traits show up in the offspring even if an allele for a different trait is also present

Answer 21

Law of Dominance

Question 22

show up in the offspring even if an allele for a different trait is also present

Answer 22

Dominant traits

Question 23

the trait that does not show up when the dominant allele is present is known

Answer 23

Recessive trait

Question 24

genetic makeup of allele

Answer 24

Genotype

Question 25

physical expression of allele

Answer 25

Phenotype

Question 26

chart that helps us to visualize all the possible combinations of alleles that could result in the offspring

Answer 26

Punnett square

Question 27

an organism with two different alleles for a particular trait

Answer 27

Hybrid

Question 28

states that alleles for each trait segregate or separate randomly during the formation of gametes

Answer 28

Law of Segregation

Question 29

mixture of two dominate traits

Answer 29

Incomplete dominance

Question 30

states that for the majority of characteristics, traits are inherited independently of each other

Answer 30

law of independent assortment

Question 31

an organism that is heterozygous for two traits

Answer 31

Dihybrid

Question 32

genes do not obey the law of independent assortment because they are located close to each other on the same chromosome

Answer 32

Linkage

Question 33

theory stating that genes are stored on chromosomes

Answer 33

Chromosome theory on inheritance

Question 34

male (XY) female (XX)

Answer 34

Sex Chromosome

Question 35

the extent to which a certain allele exists in a population

Answer 35

Allele Frequency

Question 36

having more fingers or toes/ caused by a dominant allele

Answer 36

Polydactyly

Question 37

recessive genetic disease caused by a defect that affects the chlorine gates of lung cell membranes

Answer 37

Cystic Fibrosis

Question 38

person who has only one allele for a recessive genetic disease

Answer 38

Carrier

Question 39

genetic disease that causes hemoglobin molecules to clump together

Answer 39

Sickle cell anemia

Question 40

inheritance in which a single gene has more than two possible alleles

Answer 40

Multiple Allele Inheritance

Question 40

condition in which a person is heterozygous for the allele (causes sickle cell anemia)

Answer 40

Sickle cell trait

Question 41

genes that influence several seemingly unrelated traits

Answer 41

Pleiotropy

Question 42

traits controlled by many different genes

Answer 42

Polygenic inheritance

Question 43

recessive sex-linked disease in which clots cannot form properly

Answer 43

Hemophilia

Question 44

possibility for true and false: Man’s knowledge of genetics has enabled medical scientists to detect various genetic abnormalities. Man’s advanced knowledge of genetics can also be harmful.

Answer 44

(in summary: man's knowledge on genetics is both helpful and harmful