CHAPTER 13

Question 1

cerebrum

• the _____ is the largest part of the brain, consisting of _____ hemispheres
• _____ are convolutions of the cerebrum separated by _____ (gyri and sulci are plural, gyrus and sulcus are singular)
• the cerebrum contains various _____ and large sulci
• the four major fissures or sulci are named here:
• -the _____ separates the left and right hemispheres and is occupied by the _____
• -the _____ or _____ separates the cerebrum and cerebellum and is occupied by the _____
• -the _____ or _____ separates the temporal lobe from the rest of the cerebrum _____ to it
• -the _____ separates the precentral (_____) and post central (_____) gyri
• the cerebrum contains _____ main lobes: _____, _____, _____, and _____. a fifth lobe, the _____, lies within the depths of the _____
• the primary _____ cortex is the _____ gyrus. it lies _____ to the central sulcus
• the primary _____ cortex is the _____ gyrus. it lies _____ to the central sulcus

Answer 1

cerebrum 
2
gyri
sulci
fissures
longitudinal fissure
falx cerebri
transverse fissure
sulcus
tentorium cerebelli
lateral fissure
sulcus
superior
central sulcus
motor
sensory
4
frontal
parietal
occipital
temporal
insula
lateral sulcus
motor
pre-central gyrus
anterior
sensory
post-central gyrus
posterior

Question 2

basal nuclei (ganglia)

• the basal nuclei ganglia constitute the _____ of the _____
• they control _____ and _____
• -diseases involve disturbances in _____ muscular control (e.g. parkinsons disease and Huntington’s chorea)

Answer 2

central gray matter
cerebrum 
movement
posture
voluntary

Question 3

thalamus

• the thalamus is the most important _____ of the brain
• it sends _____ from the receptors of the body to the _____
• _____ to the thalamus is the _____ (_____). it secretes _____, which is involved in the _____ cycle

Answer 3

sensory relay center
incoming impulses 
cerebral cortex
posterior 
pineal gland (pineal body)
melatonin
sleep wake

Question 4

hypothalamus

• the hypothalamus lies between and is associated with the following:
• -_____: where optic nerves (CNII) cross
• -_____: _____, part of the _____ system
• -_____: projects _____ from the hypothalamus and secretes many hormones
• functions in the regulation of _____ activity
• -_____
• -_____ and _____ metabolism
• -_____, _____, and _____

Answer 4

optic chiasma
mammillary bodies
sensory synaptic station
limbic
pituitary gland
inferior
visceral 
body temperature
carbohydrate
lipid
sleep
sexual activity
emotions

Question 5

brainstem

the brainstem is composed of three parts from _____ to _____: _____, _____, _____

Answer 5

superior
inferior
midbrain
pons
medulla oblongata

Question 6

midbrain

• the roof, (_____) of the midbrain contains the _____ anteriorly and the _____ with the _____ posteriorly
• the _____ consists of _____ elevations that are arranged as two pairs referred to as follows:
• -_____ are involved in the pathway of _____
• -_____ are involved in the pathway of _____

Answer 6

dorsal suface 
cerebral peduncles
tectum
corpora quadrigemina 
corpora quadrigemina 
4
superior colliculi 
vision
inferior colliculi
hearing

Question 7

pons

• the pons act as a bridge connecting the right and left _____
• it relays impulses from the _____ to the _____

Answer 7

cerebellar hemispheres
cerebral cortex
cerebellum

Question 8

medulla oblongata

• the medulla oblongata is the part of the brain that is directly continuous with the _____. it contains most of the ascending and descending tracts of the spinal cord
• it represents an area in which pyramidal tract fibers lie, called _____
• -an area inferior to this is where the pyramidal tracts cross or decussate over to the _____ side
• -this is called the _____
• -other tracts can cross either in the _____ or in the _____ itself

-it contains several _____ involved in the regulation of vital body activities: _____, _____ (heart rate), and _____ (blood pressure)

Answer 8

spinal cord
pyramids
contralateral
pyramidal decussation
spinal cord
brain
nuclei
respiratory
cardiac
vasomotor

Question 9

cerebellum

• the cerebellum (_____) connects with the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata via the _____, _____, and _____, respectively
• it consists of _____ hemispheres separated by the _____
• the outer cortex contains _____ separated by fissures; folia means _____
• internally, it presents _____ branching it the form of a tree, called the _____
• functions
• -_____ of _____
• -_____ of _____
• -_____ of _____

Answer 9

little brain
superior
middle
inferior peduncles
2
vermis
folia
leaves
white matter
arbor vitae
coordination
muscular activity
regulation
muscle tone
maintenance 
equilibrium