CHAPTER 9

Question 1

_____: an area of cell bodies with their associated neuron parts within the CNS. contains enlargements known as the _____ (sensory) and the _____ (motor)

Answer 1

gray matter of the spinal cord
dorsal horns
ventral horns

Question 2

_____: an area of primarily myelinated axons within the CNS. divided into _____, _____, and _____. _____: are columns of nerve bundles containing tracts that course up and down, to and from the brain. this includes tracts like the corticospinal tract _____ movement

Answer 2

white matter of the spinal cord
posterior 
lateral
anterior funiculi
funiculi 
voluntary

Question 3

_____: arises from the dorsal surface of the spinal cord. contains _____ neurons only

Answer 3

dorsal root

sensory

Question 4

_____: an enlarged portion of the dorsal root. a _____ is as an area of cell bodies outside of the CNS. this contains cell bodies of _____ neurons

Answer 4

dorsal root ganglion
ganglion
sensory

Question 5

_____: arising from the ventral surface of the spinal cord. contains axons of _____ neurons only

Answer 5

ventral root

motor

Question 6

_____: the ventral root joins with the dorsal root to form this. it divides into the _____ and _____

Answer 6

spinal nerve
ventral
dorsal rami

Question 7

the larger one supplies the entire anterior trunk, as well as the appendages. contains both sensory and motor neurons

Answer 7

ventral ramus

Question 8

the smaller one supplies structures of the back. contains both sensory and motor neurons

Answer 8

dorsal ramus

Question 9

the cell body is in the dorsal root ganglion. also called afferent neurons

Answer 9

sensory neuron

Question 10

shown synapsing with a motor neuron. it is also shown crossing over to the other side of the spinal cord, leaving the gray matter, entering the white matter, and beginning to ascend through the cord

Answer 10

interneuron neuron

Question 11

the cell body is in the gray matter of the spinal cord, and its axon passing through the white matter into the ventral root. also called efferent neurons

Answer 11

motor neurons

Question 12

anatomy of the spinal cord

• the spinal cord is a long cylindrical mass of _____ that occupies the _____ of the vertebral canal
• it is connected to the _____ superiorly, where it is continuous with the _____. it extends inferiorly to the level of _____
• the lower end of the cord has a _____ shape and is termed the _____
• it presents enlargements in the _____ and _____ regions, where the cell bodies of the neurons for the _____ and _____ are located
• -the cervical enlargement is located from the _____ to _____ spinal segments
• -the lumbosacral enlargement is located from the _____ to _____ spinal segments
• below the vertebral level of _____, the vertebral canal is occupied by the _____
• -this consists of long roots of the lower _____ and the _____, which descend in a bundle from the _____
• -because of the difference in length of the spinal cord and vertebral canal, the level of attachment of the spinal root to the cord is _____ than the level of emergence of the _____

Answer 12

nervus tissue
upper two thirds 
brain
medulla oblongata 
LV2
conical
conus medullaris
cervical 
lumbar
upper
lower limb
C5
T1
L1
S3
L2
cauda equina
spinal nerves 
film terminale
conus medullaris 
higher
spinal nerve

Question 13

spinal nerves

• at each segment, the _____ and the _____ join to form the _____. there are _____ pairs of spinal nerves.
• the first pair of spinal nerves (_____) emerges between the _____ and the _____
• the _____ nerves emerge above the correspondingly numbered vertebrae
• the _____ pair emerges below CV7
• the remaining spinal nerves, (T1-Cx1) emerge _____ the correspondingly numbered vertebrae

Answer 13

dorsal root
ventral root
spinal nerve
31
C1
atlas 
skull
C2-C7
C8
below

Question 14

region: cervical
number of nerve pairs: _____
nerve names: _____

Answer 14

8

C1-C8

Question 15

region: thoracic
number of nerve pairs _____
nerve names _____

Answer 15

12

T1-T12

Question 16

region: lumbar
number of nerve pairs _____
nerve names _____

Answer 16

5

L1-L5

Question 17

region: sacral
number of nerve pairs _____
nerve names _____

Answer 17

5

S1-S5

Question 18

region: coccygeal
number of nerve pairs _____
nerve names _____

Answer 18

1

Cx1

Question 19

spinal arteries

-arteries supplying the spinal cord include one _____, and two _____

Answer 19

anterior spinal artery

posterior spinal arteries

Question 20

meninges

• the _____ and _____ are surrounded and protected by _____ layers of _____, collectively termed meninges
• -from external to internal, the meninges consist of the _____, _____, and _____

Answer 20

brain 
spinal cord
three
connective tissue
dura mater
arachnoid mater
pia mater

Question 21

dura mater

• the dura mater is the _____ meninx. it is composed of _____
• the dura of the spinal cord extends from the _____, where it is continuous with the dura matter that surrounds the brain down to the _____ at _____ and further to its inferior attachment to the _____ called the _____
• the space external to the spinal dura mater is termed the _____
• -this space contains _____ in the form of globules of fat.
• -in addition to this fat, the epidural space contains the _____
• -the vertebral venous plexus, clinically referred to as _____, connect superiorly with the _____ of the _____
• -batsons veins communicate with veins _____ to the _____ via _____. due to their close proximity, if an intervertebral vein becomes dilated, it may compress a _____

Answer 21

outermost
dense, tough, fibrous connective tissue 
foramen magnum 
dural sac
SV2
coccyx
film of the dura 
epidural space
adipose tissue
vertebral venous plexus 
batsons veins
dural sinuses 
cranial cavity
external
vertebrae
intervertebral veins 
spinal nerve

Question 22

arachnoid mater

• the _____ meninx
• -is a _____ that surrounds the _____, courses and extends through the _____, through the vertebral column to _____
• it is separated from the Pia mater by the _____, which is the space containing _____

Answer 22

intermediate 
delicate, loose, netlike membrane 
brain
foramen magnum 
SV2
subarachnoid space
cerebrospinal fluid

Question 23

pia mater
A. the _____ layer of the meninges
1.it is _____ that adheres to the surface of the brain and spinal cord
2. it extends from the _____, where it is continuous with the _____ inferiorly through the _____ to the end of the _____, the _____, and further as the inferior extension

B. there are two extensions of the Pia mater

1. the _____ forms a series of toothlike lateral extensions of the Pia mater from the lateral surface of the spinal cord
   - -these extensions attach at intervals along the _____ of the _____ and _____ of the cord
   - -these extensions are made up of _____ and are clinically important because they separate the _____ of spinal nerves from _____
2. in addition, a single inferior extension of the Pia mater is found from the _____ inferiorly through the _____ embedded within the roots of the _____
   - -this extension is called the _____
   - -it attaches inferiorly at the _____

Answer 23

innermost
delicate connective tissue
foramen magnum
cerebral pia mater
vertebral column
spinal cord
conus medullaris 
denticulate ligament 
internal surface 
dura
arachnoid
pia mater
ventral roots
dorsal roots
conus medullaris 
vertebral column
cauda equina
filum terminale
coccyx