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Flashcards in Chapter 15 Deck (30)
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1
Q

When do most instances of delirium, neurocognitive disorder, and amnestic disorders develop?

a. following brainstem injuries that occur with equal frequency at all ages
b. in late adulthood when cognition is not functioning normally
c. in late adulthood as part of the normal aging process
d. following complications at birth

A

b. in late adulthood when cognition is not functioning normally

2
Q

Why is the term “organic mental disorder” no longer used to describe cognitive disorders?

a. because the term implies that there is no effective treatment
b. because cognitive disorders are actually thought disorders
c. because research has found that most psychological disorders have an “organic” component
d. because the term implies that there are no psychosocial influences on their onset and course

A

c. because research has found that most psychological disorders have an “organic” component

3
Q

What is one of the distinguishing characteristics between disability due to cognitive functions and disability due to psychological conditions?

a. There is a much greater genetic contribution to disability due to cognitive functions than there is for disability due to psychological conditions.
b. Disability due to cognitive functions is more frequent after age 65; disability due to psychological conditions is less frequent after age 65.
c. Disability due to psychological conditions is more frequent after age 65; disability due to cognitive functions is less frequent after age 65.
d. Disability due to cognitive functions is mostly organic in origin; disability due to psychological conditions is mostly psychosocial in origin.

A

b. Disability due to cognitive functions is more frequent after age 65; disability due to psychological conditions is less frequent after age 65.

4
Q

What causes most cognitive disorders?

a. prescription drug interactions
b. brain dysfunction
c. a frontal lobe head injury
d. the normal process of aging

A

b. brain dysfunction

5
Q

Why are cognitive disorders included in a textbook on abnormal psychology?

a. because they are statistically rare
b. because they all represent some form of brain dysfunction
c. because they often include profound changes in behaviour and personality
d. because they used to be considered forms of insanity

A

c. because they often include profound changes in behaviour and personality

6
Q

Compared to younger people, what are those over age 65 more likely to experience difficulty with?

a. speech
b. anxiety
c. psychological difficulties
d. emotional affect

A

a. speech

7
Q

Helen has had impaired consciousness over the last two days. She had not had symptoms of illness before this. What condition does Helen most likely have?

a. neurocognitive disorder
b. Alzheimer’s disease
c. delirium
d. amnestic disorder

A

c. delirium

8
Q

Mr. Smith (age 72) is brought to the hospital emergency room. His son explains that his father woke up this morning and was “not himself.” Mr. Smith was confused, agitated, and a bit frightened. He did not know his own name and could not recognize his son. His son reports that he had been completely fine, with no symptoms, prior to that morning. What does Mr. Smith appear to be suffering from?

a. amnestic disorder
b. delirium
c. neurocognitive disorder
d. Alzheimer’s disease

A

b. delirium

9
Q

Jim is being treated for delirium in the hospital. The doctor asks Jim’s son how the symptoms developed. What will Jim’s son say?

a. “The symptoms came on gradually over the past two weeks.”
b. “The symptoms came on gradually over the last two months.”
c. “The symptoms came on quickly over the last few days.”
d. “The symptoms came on very slowly, over the course of several years.”

A

c. “The symptoms came on quickly over the last few days.”

10
Q

Alice is being discharged from the hospital after being treated for delirium. How long did it take to treat her symptoms?

a. probably about a day
b. probably about a week
c. probably about a month
d. probably about six weeks

A

b. probably about a week

11
Q

Which of following is NOT a common cause of delirium?

a. dietary factors
b. medical conditions
c. intoxication by drugs
d. head trauma

A

a. dietary factors

12
Q

Ted has been admitted to the hospital with delirium. Ted’s doctor thinks the delirium was caused by a medication Ted takes. Ted takes several medications, which ones is the doctor probably most concerned about?

a. those with neuroleptic effects
b. those with cholinergic effects
c. those with extra-pyramidal effects
d. those with anticholinergic effects

A

d. those with anticholinergic effects

13
Q

Serge has been admitted to the hospital with delirium brought on by withdrawal from alcohol. What medication will his doctor likely prescribe to help treat the delirium?

a. an antibiotic medication
b. an antidepressant medication
c. a benzodiazepine medication
d. an antipsychotic medication

A

d. an antipsychotic medication

14
Q

Paul’s father has delirium. Paul has two choices, admit his father to the hospital or try to wait out the delirium at home. Which option should Paul choose and why?

a. the hospital option because in hospital recovery is associated with better long-term outcomes
b. the hospital option to help reduce the risk of self-harm by the patient
c. at home because the risk of developing other neurocognitive problems during a hospital stay is too high
d. at home because all Paul’s father needs is rest

A

a. the hospital option because in hospital recovery is associated with better long-term outcomes

15
Q

Karl is in the hospital for delirium. What can Karl’s family do to help his recovery?

a. exclude Karl from any medical decision to avoid increased anxiety
b. reassure Karl and surround him with familiar belongings
c. move Karl to a new hospital room to increase cognitive activity
d. restrain Karl to prevent self-harm and allow the delirium to wear off

A

b. reassure Karl and surround him with familiar belongings

16
Q

Ms. Martin, an 89-year-old hospital inpatient, has had six room changes in the last two weeks. Considering the results of research into the effects of environmental factors on the cognitive functioning of the hospitalized elderly, what disorder would Ms. Martin likely begin to demonstrate?

a. delirium
b. amnestic disorder
c. neurocognitive disorder
d. Alzheimer’s disease

A

a. delirium

17
Q

Which of the following factors can trigger delirium?

a. food deprivation
b. excessive stress
c. cardiovascular difficulties
d. isolation

A

b. excessive stress

18
Q

What does an episode of delirium often indicate?

a. the presence of a medical condition that is causing the brain to dysfunction
b. that the individual is about to experience a progressive decline in cognitive functioning
c. that the individual is suffering from another psychological disorder
d. a significant chance of death within the next eight years

A

a. the presence of a medical condition that is causing the brain to dysfunction

19
Q

What is one major difference between neurocognitive disorder caused by Alzheimer’s disease and neurocognitive disorder caused by depression?

a. Neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer’s disease is generally reversible.
b. Neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer’s disease leads to a rapid decline in abilities.
c. Neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer’s disease involves a slow increase in symptoms.
d. Neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer’s disease is not reversible.

A

d. Neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer’s disease is not reversible.

20
Q

How does delirium differ from neurocognitive disorder?

a. People with delirium are not disoriented or confused in the early stages; people with neurocognitive disorder are.
b. Neurocognitive disorder comes on more suddenly than does delirium.
c. Delirium is reversible, whereas neurocognitive disorder is not.
d. People with neurocognitive disorder are not disoriented or confused in the early stages; people with delirium are.

A

d. People with neurocognitive disorder are not disoriented or confused in the early stages; people with delirium are.

21
Q

What were major and minor neurocognitive disorders called in the DSM-IV-R?

a. Alzheimer’s disease
b. delirium
c. axon-depleting cytosis
d. dementia

A

d. dementia

22
Q

Barrie has neurocognitive disorder. What is the MOST likely cause of this disorder?

a. Alzheimer’s disease
b. syphilis
c. improper use of prescription drugs
d. a history of substance abuse

A

a. Alzheimer’s disease

23
Q

How do the symptoms of neurocognitive disorder differ from those of delirium?

a. The initial symptoms of neurocognitive disorder are generally more severe than the symptoms of delirium.
b. The symptoms of neurocognitive disorder involve memory, while the symptoms of delirium are more likely to involve expressive language.
c. Neurocognitive disorder symptoms develop from underlying medical conditions, while delirium symptoms are a result of other factors.
d. Neurocognitive disorder symptoms develop slowly over time, while delirium symptoms develop quickly.

A

d. Neurocognitive disorder symptoms develop slowly over time, while delirium symptoms develop quickly.

24
Q

After turning 50, Sabrina began to be teased a lot from her family about being “absentminded.” In truth, she has been hiding the fact that each week she seems to remember less and less. Last month, she got lost while driving home from work and had relied on a hand-drawn map. Sabrina also has trouble recognizing the faces of people she knows and forgets why she started to do something. What disorder does Sabrina appear to be developing?

a. amnestic disorder
b. delirium
c. neurocognitive disorder
d. Alzheimer’s disease

A

c. neurocognitive disorder

25
Q

fill

A

fill

26
Q

Ivan is suffering from “agnosia.” What task will Ivan NOT be able to do?

a. recognize and name objects
b. process incoming sensory information
c. produce or understand language
d. find his way around in familiar surroundings

A

a. recognize and name objects

27
Q

What causes the delusions, depression, agitation, aggression, and apathy that often occur with neurocognitive disorder?

a. the frustration and fear experienced by patients as they lose their cognitive abilities
b. the progressive deterioration of brain functioning
c. medication side effects
d. either the progressive brain deterioration of the disorder or the frustration experienced by patients

A

d. either the progressive brain deterioration of the disorder or the frustration experienced by patients

28
Q

What is the outcome for patients with neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer’s disease?

a. variable depending on the individual response to treatment
b. stabilization at some level of greatly reduced cognitive ability
c. slow recovery
d. death

A

d. death

29
Q

If you had 100 Canadians over the age of 65, how many would have neurocognitive disorder?

a. 3
b. 8
c. 10
d. 20

A

b. 8

30
Q

If you had 100 Canadians over the age of 85, how many would have neurocognitive disorder?

a. 5
b. 10
c. 20
d. 30

A

d. 30