Chapter 33-ANS Flashcards
The nurse understands that dilation of the pupil to permit more light to enter the eye is stimulated by the:
sympathetic nervous system.
A substance released into a synapse in order to carry an impulse from one nerve to another is known as a:
neurotransmitter.
Which of the following is a chemical agent used within the autonomic nervous system?
norepinephrine- Norepinephrine and acetylcholine are the ANS neurotransmitters.
The condition of a client is rapidly deteriorating. The nurse’s physical responses to this situation is predominantly controlled by the
sympathetic nervous system. This situation would stimulate the fight-or-flight response of the sympathetic nervous system.
The nurse is administering a drug to stimulate alpha-1 adrenergic receptors. The nurse should:
monitor the client’s blood pressure.-This drug will cause contraction of the peripheral blood vessels, with a responding increase in blood pressure.
The nurse understands that these receptors are believed to control neurotransmitter release at the presynaptic neuron in the autonomic nervous system:
alpha-2. Alpha-2 receptors are believed to be the “controllers” of neurotransmitter release at the presynaptic neuron.
The nurse is administering an intravenous infusion of a medication that stimulates beta-1 receptors. The nurse should:
place the client on a cardiac monitor.- This will stimulate the client’s heart rate and force of heart muscle contraction, and with intravenous administration the client should be monitored closely for both effectiveness and adverse effects such as tachyarrhythmias.
A client with bronchial asthma (reactive airway disease) can be expected to be relieved by the administration of a drug that stimulates which of the following receptors?
beta-2-Beta-2 receptors are located primarily in bronchial smooth muscle and will cause bronchial dilation when stimulated.
The nurse is preparing to administer a sympathomimetic medication. This type of medication also is referred to as a(n):
adrenergic agent-Sympathomimetic agents mimic the sympathetic nervous system activities, so they also are referred to as adrenergic agents.
The nurse is caring for a client prescribed albuterol and understands that this agent is a(n):
beta-2 adrenergic receptor agonist.- This defines both the classification and action of albuterol.
When administering a sympathomimetic drug to a client, the nurse would expect the client to exhibit
mydriasis.
A neurotransmitter present in both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems is:
acetylcholine- is present in both systems.
The nurse understands that antispasmodics, particularly those with anticholinergic activity, should be given with care to older persons because older adults:
are especially sensitive to developing CNS side effects of these drugs.
Because of the normal changes that occur with antispasmodics, these clients are more likely to develop CNS side effects from these agents.
When teaching an older client prescribed darifenacin, the nurse recognizes that which of the following client comments indicate an understanding of the teaching?
“I will take care not to get overheated when taking this drug.”- For older clients, synthetic anticholinergics decrease their ability to perspire.
The nurse would be prepared to administer which of the following drugs preoperatively to decrease the risk of emesis and aspiration during general anesthesia?
glycopyrrolate-This drug, also known as Robinul, is an anticholinergic used for this purpose.
An older client is prescribed pilocarpine. The best method to determine the effectiveness of the teaching is to:
have client demonstrate how to administer these eyedrops.
The nurse understands that most agents that have antispasmodic activity act by:
antagonizing the action of acetylcholine.-
This is the anticholinergic action of most antispasmodic agents.
An older client is prescribed metoprolol for hypertension. The nurse identifies that the highest priority nursing diagnosis for this client after receiving this medication is:
risk for injury, falls.- In therapy with adrenergic blocking agents, the client is at risk for falls related to hypotension and dizziness (adverse effects of these agents).
A 60-year-old client is being treated with tacrine. When caring for this client, it is important for the nurse to monitor this client’s:
electrolyte levels.- Effects of this cholinergic agent include diarrhea and increased urinary output, which can lead to dehydration and electrolyte imbalances.
The nurse recognizes that the one drug of the following antispasmodic drugs that is used only for the treatment of urinary tract spasm is:
oxybutynin chloride.- This drug has approval only for the treatment of urinary tract spasms.
The nurse should provide which of the following instructions (provided it is not contraindicated by the client’s condition) to a client receiving sympathomimetic medications?
Increase fluid intake-: Sympathomimetic agents decrease GI motility and tone, placing the client at risk for constipation.
The nurse understands that the transdermal form of scopolamine HBr is used primarily for:
prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with motion sickness in adults.-This is the primary use for scopalamine transdermal form.
Through a medication error, a client is experiencing an overdose of atropine sulfate. The nurse should:
prepare to administer intravenous physostigmine
This is an antidote for anticholinergic overdose.
The nurse would question a prescription for the preoperative use of glycopyrrolate in a client:
undergoing open-heart surgery.- Because of the tachycardia associated with anticholinergics and that this would delay the stopping of the heart for this surgery, glycopyrrolate is contraindicated.
