Chapter 7- antibacterial and antiviral agents Flashcards
- In reconstituting an antibiotic in powder form, the nurse:
changes the needle used to reconstitute the medication before administering the drug to the client.
The nurse is preparing to administer oral penicillin and plans to give it to the client:
1–2 hours before meals or 2–3 hours after meals .Oral penicillin should be administered on an empty stomach because food may interfere with the absorption of oral penicillin.
To reduce the possibility of local tissue reactions to intramuscular injection of penicillin, the nurse:
replaces the needle that was used to withdraw medication from the vial.
Because of the likelihood of cross-sensitivity reaction, cephalosporins should be administered with extreme caution to clients with a history of allergic reaction to:
penicillins. Because cephalosporins were developed as offshoots of penicillins, there may be cross-sensitivities between penicillins and cephalosporins.
The likelihood of nephrotoxicity may be increased for clients taking cephalosporin antibiotics and:
loop diuretics
If a client is taking furosemide with either cephalosporins or aminoglycosides, the risk of nephrotoxicity is increased.
The client who has just received a prescription for oral tetracycline should be advised to avoid:
calcium-containing antacids
Tetracycline should not be given to:
children under 8 years
Because of the effects on teeth and bone development, tetracycline should not be taken by children under the age of eight.
A client is prescribed an aminoglycoside, and the nurse understands that the usual route by which most aminoglycosides are administered is:
parenteral
Clients taking aminoglycosides should have the functioning of the ____ tested before and during treatment.
eighth cranial nerve
This is to monitor for ototoxicity.
Clients at risk of developing nephrotoxicity while taking aminoglycosides are:
those with dehydration are at increased risk for nephrotoxicity if taking aminoglycosides, because the dehydration decreases renal perfusion.
Second-generation fluoroquinolones are frequently used to treat:
genitourinary infections
Carbapenems are contraindicated in clients with history of anaphylaxis with:
cephalosporins. are contraindicated in clients with a history of anaphylaxis with the use of cephalosporins.
The client asks why she will be taking two medications to treat her tuberculosis. The best response by the nurse is:
“Clients tend to develop bacterial resistance when only one medication is used.”
A client with TB is prescribed isoniazid (INH), rifampin, and pyridoxine. The nurse understands that pyridoxine is used in this combination to:
prevent INH-induced peripheral neuropathy.
Some persons metabolize isoniazid (INH) more rapidly than others. It is important for the nurse to remember that:
slow acetylators are more likely to experience drug toxicity.
Two days later, the client calls the nurse to report a sore throat, fever, and jaundice. The nurse should advise the client to
stop the sulfonamide and see the health care provider as soon as possible, as these may be manifestations of a blood dyscrasia.
Clients taking phenazopyridine (Pyridium) for the treatment of a urinary tract infection should be told:
that their urine may turn orange-red.
Prior to administering vidarabine (Vira-A) to a client, the nurse should:
inquire if the client is pregnant.
When preparing the client’s pentamidine (Nebupent) powder, the nurse:
Correct: The powder should be reconstituted with 6 mL of bacteriostatic sterile water.
A client with HIV is prescribed pentamidine IM daily for 14 days. The client weighs 121 pounds. What dose should be prescribed for this client?
220 mg, The recommended dose of pentamidine IM is 4 mg/kg. Divide 121 pounds by 2.2 = 55 kg; then multiply 55 kg by 4 mg = 220 mg.
All of the following are true about zidovudine (Retrovir) EXCEPT:
clients cannot transmit HIV while taking zidovudine
Antimicrobial agents that inhibit growth of bacteria, allowing the host’s immunological defenses to complete the job of destroying the organism, are called:
bacteriostatic, inhibit the growth of bacteria, but do not actively kill the bacteria that are present.
What is a major disadvantage of using broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents to treat infections?
They destroy normal flora, enabling superinfections to develop.
A client was admitted to the hospital with pneumonia. The client’s health care provider prescribes Zinacef (a second-generation cephalosporin) 2 grams IV q8h. While preparing to administer the first dose of Zinacef, the nurse notices that the client has a penicillin allergy. The best action by the nurse is to:
hold the Zinacef and notify the health care provider of the client’s allergy to penicillin.
