Chapter 4

Question 1

The lethal dose required to kill 50% of the population in 30 days is the definition of

Answer 1

LD 50/30

Question 2

what are the types of acute radiation syndromes?

Answer 2

1. Bone marrow syndrome
2. Gastrointestinal (GI) tract syndrome
3. Central Nervous System (CNS) syndrome

Question 3

define hemopoietic

Answer 3

• development of blood cells

Question 4

For the acute radiation syndrome, in the 100-1,000 R range, death is mostly the result of damage to the _____ system.

Answer 4

hemopoietic

Question 5

what are the stages of acute radiation?

Answer 5

1. Prodromal
2. Latent
3. Manifest
4. Death or recovery

Question 6

define the prodromal stage

Answer 6

• the person experiences nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. (NVD syndrome)

Question 7

define the latent stage

Answer 7

• the person appears to be symptom-free.

Question 8

define the manifest stage

Answer 8

the person becomes noticeably ill and shows signs and symptoms of the specific syndrome reflecting the organ system which is damaged

Question 9

define chromatid aberrations

Answer 9

• During the S-phase, a chromosome duplicates itself, creating sister chromatids
• Occurs after DNA synthesis

Question 10

define chromosomal aberrations

Answer 10

• Occurs before DNA synthesis
• Both daughter cells inherit a damaged chromatid

Question 11

what are 2 types of chromosomal aberrations

Answer 11

• single break damage
• double break damage

Question 12

define single break damage

Answer 12

• chromosomal aberration
• Chromosome arm is broken off
• Deletion - arm does not reattach itself
• Inversion - inverts and reattaches itself
• Duplication - attaches itself to a different chromosome

Question 13

define double break damage

Answer 13

• chromosomal aberrations
• Two portions of a chromosome are broken off
• interstitial deletion - both broken pieces do not reattach
• Inversion - if both pieces reattach themselves
• Duplication - if one or both arms attach to a different chromosome
• Translocation - two chromosomes exchange pieces

Question 14

define Radiation cataractogenesis

Answer 14

formation of cataracts formed by radiation

Question 15

define alopecia

Answer 15

hair loss

Question 16

define Erythema

Answer 16

redness of the skin

Question 17

define Desquamation

Answer 17

peeling of the skin

Question 18

define Inflammation

Answer 18

swelling and reddening of the skin

Question 19

define Atrophy

Answer 19

shrinking of the tissue or organ