Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Phlebotomy > Chapter 5 Key Terms > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Key Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Alveoli

A

Tiny air sacs in the lungs where’d the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Anabolism

A

A constructive process by which the body converts simple compounds into complex substances needed to carry out the cellular activities of the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Anatomic Position

A

The position of standing erect, arms at the side, with eyes and palms facing forward. When describing the direction or the location of a given point of the body, medical personnel normally refer to the body as if the patient were in the anatomic position, regardless of actual body position.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Anatomy

A

The structure of an organism, or the science of the structural composition of living organisms. In humans, the structural composition of the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Anterior

A

Pertaining to or referring to the front of the body; also called ventral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Avascular

A

Without blood or lymph vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Body Cavities

A

Large, hollow spaces in the body that house the various organs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Body Planes

A

A flat surface resulting from a real or imaginary cut through a body in the normal anatomic position.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Bursae

A

Small synovial fluid-filled sacks in the vicinity of joints that ease friction between joint parts or tendons and bone.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Cartilage

A

A type of hard, nonvascular connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Catabolism

A

The process by which complex substances are broken down into simple ones, including the digestion of food.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Diaphragm

A

The dome shaped muscle that separates the abdominal cavity from the thoracic cavity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Distal

A

Farthest from the center of the body, origin, or point of attachment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Dorsal

A

Posterior or pertaining to the back.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Frontal Plane

A

Divides the body vertically into front and back portions; also called coronal plane.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Gametes

A

Sex cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Hemopoiesis / Hematopoiesis

A

Production and development of blood cells and other formed elements, normally in the bone marrow.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Homeostasis

A

The “steady state” (state of equilibrium) of the internal environment of the body maintained through feedback and regulation in response to internal and external changes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Hormones

A

Powerful chemical substances that affect many body processes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Meninges

A

Three layers of connective tissue that enclose the spinal cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Metabolism

A

The sum of all the physical and chemical reactions necessary to sustain life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Mitosis

A

A type of cell duplication that involves DNA doubling and cell division.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Nephron

A

The microscopic functional unit of the kidneys.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Neuron

A

Fundamental working unit of the nervous system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Phalanges

A

Bones of the fingers or toes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Physiology

A

The function of an organism, or the science of the functions of living organisms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Pituitary Gland

A

Endocrine gland under the control of the hypothalamus that secretes hormones that control other glands; sometimes called the master gland.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Prone

A

Lying face down.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Pronation

A

The condition of being prone or the act of turning the body or body part face down.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Proximal

A

Nearest to the center of the body or point of attachment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Sagittal Plane

A

Divides the body vertically into right and left portions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Supine

A

Lying on the back with the face up.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Supination

A

The condition of being supine or the act of turning the body or body part face up.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Synovial Fluid

A

Viscid (sticky ) colorless fluid found in joint cavities.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Transverse Plane

A

Divides the body horizontally into equal upper and lower portions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Ventral Cavities

A

Internal spaces located in the front.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Midsagittal (Medial) Plane

A

Divides the body vertically into equal right and left portions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

External (Superficial)

A

On or near the surface of the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Internal (Deep)

A

Within or near the center of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Medial

A

Toward the midline or middle of the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Lateral

A

Toward the side of the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Palmar

A

Concerning the palm of the hand.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Plantar

A

Concerning the sole of the foot.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Superior (Cranial)

A

Higher, or above or toward the head.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Inferior (Caudal)

A

Beneath, or lower or away from the head.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Dorsal Cavities

A

Internal spaces located in the back of the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Cell

A

Is the basic structural unit of all life.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Tissues

A

Group of similar cells that work together to perform a special function.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Connective Tissue

A

Supports and connects all parts of the body and includes adipose (fat) tissue, Cartilage, bone, and blood.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Epithelial Tissue

A

Covers and protects the body and lines organs, vessels, and cavities.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Muscle Tissue

A

Contracts to produce movement.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Nerve Tissue

A

Has the ability to transmit electrical impulses.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Adipose Tissue

A

Denoting fat.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Nucleus

A

Large, dark-staining organelle near the center of the cell and composed of DNA and protein.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Chromosomes

A

Long strands of DNA organized into units called genes, occurring in humans in 23 identical pairs (46 individual).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Substance within a cell composed of fluid (cytosol) and various organelles and inclusions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Organelles

A

Specialized structures within the cytoplasm.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Mitochondria

A

Oval or rod shaped organelles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

Arthritis

A

Joint disorder characterized by joint inflammation, pain, and swelling.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

Bursitis

A

Inflammation of a bursa.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

Gout

A

Joint disorder (commonly of the feet) caused by faulty Uric acid metabolism.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

Osteomyelitis

A

Inflammation of the bone (especially the marrow), caused by bacterial infection.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

Osteochondritis

A

Inflammation of the bone and cartilage.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Disorder involving loss of bone density.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

Rickets

A

Abnormal bone formation indirectly resulting from lack of Vitamin D needed for calcium absorption.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

Tumors

A

Abnormal bone growth.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

Body Systems

A

Are the structures and organs that are related to one another and functions together.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

Skeletal System

A

Is the framework that gives the body shape and support, protects internal organs, and with the muscular system provides movement and leverage.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

Muscular System

A

Gives the body the ability to move maintain posture, and produce heat. Also plays a role in organ function and blood circulation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

Atrophy

A

Decrease in size (wasting) of a muscle, usually due to inactivity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

Muscular Dystrophy

A

Genetic disease in which the muscles waste away or atrophy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

Myalgia

A

Painful muscle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

Tendonitis

A

Inflammation of muscle tendons, usually due to overexertion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

Histolgic

A

Pertaining to the microscopic structure of tissue.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

Integumentary System

A

The skin and it’s appendages, including the hair and nails; also referred to as the largest organ of the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

Integument

A

Covering or skin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
77
Q

Skin

A

The largest organ of the body, is the cover that protects the body from bacterial invasion, dehydration, and the harmful rays of the sun

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
78
Q

Exocrine glands

A

Glands that secrete substances through ducts (oil and sweat glands).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
79
Q

Epidermis

A

Outermost and thinnest layer of the skin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
80
Q

Stratified

A

Arranged in layers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
81
Q

Dermis

A

Corium or true skin; a layer composed of elastic and fibrous connective tissue.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
82
Q

Subcutaneous

A

Beneath the skin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
83
Q

Squamous

A

Scalelike

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
84
Q

Hair

A

Nonliving material primarily composed of keratin (a tough protein).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
85
Q

Hair Follicles

A

Sheaths that enclose hair and contain a bulb of cells at the base from which hair develops.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
86
Q

Arrector Pili

A

Tiny, smooth muscles attached to hair follicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
87
Q

Nails

A

Nonliving keratin material that grows continuously as new cells form the nail root.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
88
Q

Sebaceous (oil) glands

A

Glands connected to hair follicles; called oil glands because they secrete an oily substance called sebum.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
89
Q

Sudoriferous (Sweat) Glands

A

Coiled dermal structures with ducts that extend through the epidermis and end in a pore on the skin surface.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
90
Q

Avascular

A

Without blood or lymph vessels.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
91
Q

Stratum Germinativum / Stratum Basale

A

Deepest layer of the epidermis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
92
Q

Melanin

A

Dark pigment that colors the skin and protects it from the sun. Also found in hair and eyes.

93
Q

Keratinized

A

Having become hardened.

94
Q

Papillae

A

Small elevations of the dermis that indent the bottom of the epidermis and give rise to the ridges and grooves that form the fingerprints.

95
Q

Papillary Dermis

A

The dermal layer that adjoins the epidermis.

96
Q

Acne

A

Inflammatory disease of the sebaceous gland and hair follicles.

97
Q

Cancer

A

Nasal cell, squamous, melanoma.

98
Q

Dermatitis

A

Skin inflammation.

99
Q

Fungal Infections

A

Including tinea and ringworm.

100
Q

Herpes

A

Including cold sores or viral infection.

101
Q

Impetigo

A

Staph or strep infection.

102
Q

Keloid

A

Fibrous tissue growth at a scar area.

103
Q

Pediculosis

A

Lice infestation.

104
Q

Pruritus

A

Itching.

105
Q

Psoriasis

A

Chronic skin condition of unknown origin characterized by clearly defined red patches of scaly skin.

106
Q

Nervous System

A

Controls and coordinates activities of the various body systems by means of electrical impulses and chemical substances sent to and received from all parts of the body.

107
Q

Central Nervous System (CNS)

A

The brain and spinal cord ; and the nervous system command center that interprets information and dictates responses.

108
Q

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

A

All the nerves that connect the CNS to every part of the body.

109
Q

Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

A

Clear, colorless liquid that circulated within the cavities surrounding the brain and spinal cord.

110
Q

Lumbar puncture

A

(Spinal tap) to enter the spinal cavity with a special needle and obtain a CSF sample.

111
Q

Motor or efferent nerves

A

Nerves that carry impulses away from the CNS.

112
Q

Sensory or afferent nerves

A

Nerves that carry impulses to the CNS.

113
Q

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)

A

A disease involving muscle weakness and atrophy due to degeneration of portions of the brain and spinal cord.

114
Q

Encephalitis

A

Inflammation of the brain.

115
Q

Bones

A

Special type of dense connective tissue consisting of bone cells surrounded by hard deposits of calcium salts. They are living tissue with their own network of blood vessels, lymph vessels, and nerves.

116
Q

Joints

A

The junction or union between two or more bones.

117
Q

Dendrites

A

Structures that carry messages to the nerve cell body.

118
Q

Axons

A

Threadlike fibers that carry messages away from the nerve cell body.

119
Q

Epilepsy

A

Recurrent pattern of seizures.

120
Q

Hydrocephalus

A

Accumulation of cerebrospinal Fluid in the brain.

121
Q

Meningitis

A

Inflammation of the membranes of the spinal cord or brain.

122
Q

Multiple Sclerosis

A

Disease causing destruction of the myelin sheath (fatlike covering) of the nerves of the brain.

123
Q

Neuralgia

A

Severe pain along a nerve.

124
Q

Parkinson’s Disease

A

Chronic nervous disease characterized by fine muscle tremors and muscle weakness.

125
Q

Shingles

A

Acute eruption of herpes blisters along the course of a peripheral nerve.

126
Q

Endocrine System

A

Consists of a group of ductless glands that secrete substances called hormones directly into the blood stream.

127
Q

Endocrine

A

Refers to a gland that secretes directly into the blood stream.

128
Q

Hormones

A

Powerful chemical substances that affect many body processes.

129
Q

Pituitary Glands

A

Endocrine gland under the control of the hypothalamus that secretes hormones that control other glands ; sometimes called the master gland.

130
Q

Hypersecretion

A

Secreting too much.

131
Q

Hyposecretion

A

Secreting too little.

132
Q

Acromegaly

A

Overgrowth of the bones in the hands, feet, and face caused by excessive GH in adulthood.

133
Q

Diabetes Insipidus

A

Condition characterized by increased thirst and increased urine production caused by inadequate secretion of ADH, also called vasopressin

134
Q

Vasopressin

A

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

135
Q

Dwarfism

A

Condition of being abnormally small, one cause of which is growth hormone (GH) deficiency in infancy.

136
Q

Gigantism

A

Excessive development of the body or of a body part due to excessive GH.

137
Q

Congenital hypothyroidism

A

Insufficient thyroid activity in a newborn, from either a genetic deficiency or maternal factors such as lack of dietary iron during pregnancy.

138
Q

Cretinism

A

Severe untreated congenital hypothyroidism in which the development of the child is impaired, resulting in a short, disproportionate body, thick tongue and neck, and mental handicap.

139
Q

Goiter

A

Enlargement of the thyroid gland.

140
Q

Hyperthyroidism (Graves Disease)

A

Condition characterized by weight loss, nervousness, and protruding eyeballs, due to an increased metabolic rate caused by excessive secretion of the thyroid gland.

141
Q

Hypothyroidism

A

Condition characterized by weight gain and lethargy due to a decreased metabolic rate caused by decreased thyroid secretion.

142
Q

Myxedema (hypothyroid syndrome)

A

Condition characterized by anemia, slow speech, mental apathy, drowsiness, and sensitivity to cold, resulting from decreased functioning of the thyroid gland.

143
Q

Addison’s Disease

A

Condition characterized by weight loss, dehydration, and hypotension (abnormally low blood pressure) caused by decreased glucose and sodium levels due to hyposecretion of the adrenal glands.

144
Q

Aldosteronism

A

Condition characterized by hypertension (high blood pressure) and edema caused by excessive sodium and water retention due to hypersecretion of aldosterone.

145
Q

Cushing’s Syndrome

A

Condition characterized by swollen, “moon-shaped” face and redistribution of fat to the abdomen and back of the neck caused by an excess of cortisone.

146
Q

Diabetes Mellitus

A

Condition in which there is impaired carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism due to a deficiency of insulin.

147
Q

Diabetes Mellitus Type I or insulin-dependent diabetes Mellitus (IDDM)

A

Type of diabetes in which the body is totally unable to produce insulin. This type is often called juvenile-onset diabetes because it usually appears before 25 years if age.

148
Q

Diabetes Mellitus type II or non-insulin-dependent diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM)

A

Type of diabetes in which the body is able to produce insulin, but either the amount produced is insufficient or there is impaired use of the insulin produced. This type of diabetes occurs predominantly in adults.

149
Q

Hyperglycemia

A

Increased blood sugar that often preceded diabetic coma if not treated.

150
Q

Hyperinsulinism

A

Too much insulin in the blood due to excessive secretion of insulin or an overdose of insulin (insulin shock).

151
Q

Hypoglycemia

A

Abnormally low glucose (blood sugar) often due to hyperinsulinism.

152
Q

Gastrointestinal (GI) Tract

A

The passageway that extends from the mouth to the anus through the pharynx, esophagus, stomach, and small and large intestines.

153
Q

Pharynx

A

A funnel shaped passageway that receives food from the mouth and delivers it to the esophagus and air from the the nose and carries it into the larynx.

154
Q

Esophagus

A

Tube that carries food and liquid from the throat to the stomach.

155
Q

Salivary Glands

A

Secrete saliva, which moistens food, and contains enzymes that begin starch digestion.

156
Q

Liver

A

Accessory organ of the digestive system that stores glycogen, detoxifies harmful substances, secretes bile, and breaks down protein.

157
Q

Pancreas

A

An accessory organ to the digestive system that secretes hormones and produces digestive enzymes.

158
Q

Gallbladder

A

Accessory organ tot he digestive system.

159
Q

Amylase

A

An enzyme found chiefly in saliva and pancreatic fluid, that converts starch and glycogen into simple sugars.

160
Q

Lipase

A

Digestive enzyme secretes by the pancreas.

161
Q

Trypsin

A

Digestive Enzyme

162
Q

Appendicitis

A

Inflammation of the appendix

163
Q

Cholecystitis

A

Inflammation of the gallbladder.

164
Q

Colitis

A

Inflammation of the colon.

165
Q

Diverticulosis

A

Pouches in the walls of the colon.

166
Q

Gastritis

A

Inflammation of the stomach lining.

167
Q

Gastroenteritis

A

Inflammation of the stomach and intestinal tract.

168
Q

Hepatitis

A

Inflammation of the liver.

169
Q

Pancreatitis

A

Inflammation of the pancreas

170
Q

Peritonitis

A

Inflammation of the abdominal cavity lining.

171
Q

Ulcer

A

Open sore or lesion.

172
Q

Reproductive System

A

Produces the gametes, sex or germ cells that are needed to form a new human being

173
Q

Sex or germ cells

A

Gametes

174
Q

Spermatozoa

A

Male gametes or sex cells ; sperm

175
Q

Ova

A

Female gametes or eggs

176
Q

Ovum

A

Female gametes or sex cells

177
Q

Gonads

A

Manufacture and store gametes and produce hormones that regulate the reproductive process.

178
Q

Cervical cancer

A

Cancer of the cervix

179
Q

Infertility

A

A lower than normal ability to reproduce.

180
Q

Ovarian cancer

A

Cancer of the ovaries

181
Q

Ovarian cyst

A

A usually nonmalignant growth in an ovary.

182
Q

Prostate Cancer

A

Cancer of the prostate gland.

183
Q

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)

A

Diseases such as syphilis, gonorrhea, and genital herpes, which are usually transmitted by sexual contact.

184
Q

Uterine Cancer

A

Cancer of the uterus

185
Q

Urinary System

A

Filters waste products from the blood and eliminates them from the body.

186
Q

Kidneys

A

Organs that form and excrete urine.

187
Q

Ureters

A

Ducts (tubes) that carry urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder.

188
Q

Urinary bladder

A

A muscular sac that serves as a reservoir for urine.

189
Q

Urethra

A

Ducts (tubes) through which urine is voided from the urinary bladder.

190
Q

Glomerulus

A

A tuft of capillaries that filter water and dissolved substances including wastes from the blood.

191
Q

Cystitis

A

Bladder inflammation

192
Q

Kidney stones

A

Uric acid, calcium phosphate, or oxalate stones in the kidneys, ureter, or bladder.

193
Q

Nephritis

A

Inflammation of the kidneys.

194
Q

Renal failure

A

Sudden, severe impairment of renal function.

195
Q

Uremia

A

Impaired kidney function with a buildup of waste products in the blood.

196
Q

Urinary tract infection (UTI)

A

Infection involving the organs of ducts of the urinary system.

197
Q

External respiration

A

Exchange of respiratory gases in the lungs.

198
Q

Internal Respiration

A

Exchange of respiratory gases between the blood and cells in the tissues.

199
Q

Oxyhemoglobin

A

Oxygen combined with hemoglobin.

200
Q

Carbaminohemoglobin

A

Carbon dioxide combined with hemoglobin.

201
Q

Bicarbonate ion (HCO3-)

A

An ion that plays a role in transporting carbon dioxide (CO2) in the blood to the lungs and in regulating blood pH. HCO3- is formed in the red blood cells and plasma from CO2

202
Q

Partial Pressure of Oxygen (PO2)

A

A measure of the pressure exerted by dissolved O2 in the blood plasma.

203
Q

Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2)

A

A measure of the pressure exerted by dissolved CO2 in the blood.

204
Q

Acidosis

A

A dangerous condition in which the pH of the blood is abnormally low (acidic).

205
Q

Alkalosis

A

A dangerous condition in which the pH of the blood is abnormally high (alkaline).

206
Q

Larynx

A

The enlarged upper end of the trachea that houses the vocal chords, the ends of which mark the division between the upper and lower respiratory tract.

207
Q

Trachea

A

A tube that extends from the larynx into the upper part of the chest and carries air to the lungs

208
Q

Bronchi

A

Two airways that branch off the lower end of the trachea and lead into the lungs; one branch each into the left and right lungs, where they subdivide into secondary bronchi that divide into smaller and smaller branches.

209
Q

Lungs

A

Organs that house the bronchial branches and the alveoli where gas exchange takes place.

210
Q

Pleura

A

Layer of thin membrane that encases the lungs.

211
Q

Pleural space

A

A small space between the layers of the pleurae of the lungs

212
Q

Surfactant

A

Substance that coats the walls of the alveoli, lowering the surface tension and helping to keep them inflated.

213
Q

Apnea

A

A temporary cessation if breathing

214
Q

Asthma

A

Difficulty in breathing accompanied by wheezing caused by spasm or swelling of the bronchial tubes.

215
Q

Bronchitis

A

Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the bronchial tubes.

216
Q

Cystic fibrosis

A

Genetic endocrine disease causing excess production of mucous.

217
Q

Dyspnea

A

Difficult or labored breathing.

218
Q

Emphysema

A

Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD)

219
Q

Hypoxia

A

Deficiency of Oxygen

220
Q

Infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS)

A

Severe impairment of respiratory function in the newborn due to lack of a substance called surfactant in the baby’s lungs.

221
Q

Pleurisy

A

Inflammation of the pleural membrane

222
Q

Pneumonia

A

Inflammation of the lungs

223
Q

Pulmonary edema

A

Accumulation of fluid in the lungs.

224
Q

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

A

Virus that is a major cause of respiratory distress in infants and children.

225
Q

Rhinitis

A

Inflammation of the nasal mucous membranes

226
Q

Tonsillitis

A

Infection of the tonsils

227
Q

Organs

A

Structures composed of tissues that function together for a common purpose.

228
Q

Upper respiratory infection (URI)

A

Infection of the nose, throat, larynx, or upper trachea such as that caused by a cold virus

228
Q

Tuberculosis (TB)

A

Infectious disease affecting the respiratory system caused by bacterium “mycobacterium tuberculosis “

Phlebotomy (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions