Chlorophyta

Question 1

Answer 1

genus: Halimeda sp.

• known for large amounts of CaCO3
• can have a different green color

Question 2

Answer 2

unicellular with 4 flagella

Question 3

Answer 3

size variation of Chlorophyta: few microns up to meters

Question 4

thallus form?

Answer 4

2 stages
1. unicellular with many chloropplast
2. motile quadriflagellate

Question 5

thallus?

Answer 5

colonial organization that form “coenobia”
motile coenobium

A coenobium (plural: coenobia) refers to a colony of cells that are structurally and functionally integrated and often enclosed in a common mucilaginous envelope or sheath.

Question 6

thallus?

Answer 6

unbranched filamentous

Question 7

Answer 7

branched filamentous

Question 8

thallus?

Answer 8

parenchymatous

here: Ulva

Question 9

what are these? where are they found?

Answer 9

• the largest Chlorophyceaen cells
• in Valonia and Ventricaria
• large amount of nuclei
• siphonous thallus
• stay in rigid shape due to turgor pressure

Ventricaria belongs to order Bryopsidales
Valonia different ordder (Cladophorales)

Question 10

what are these?

Answer 10

• the largest Chlorophyceaen cells
• in Valonia and Ventricaria
• large amount of nuclei
• stay in rigid shape due to turgor pressure

Question 11

Ultrastructure of Chlorophyta
(picture here shows different types of chloroplasts)

Answer 11

• variations in number of flagella and chloroplasts
• number and shape of chloroplasts important for distinguishing
• uniflagellate Chlorophyta usually anterior flagella
• biflagellate often anterior, often posterior
• multiflag.: many options

Question 12

what are the grey and the black areas?

Answer 12

• grey: chloroplasts in diff shapes
• black: pyrenoids

d) one chloro: simple structure but eflect
e) ribbon chloroplast
f) differenct chlor., not linear but angular, able to build a particular network
g) high number of small chloro. distributed in cell in disordered way

Question 13

what is it? what’s the shape?

Answer 13

Chlamydomonas
- is a model organism for Chlorophyta
- cup shaped chloroplast
- flagellated unicellular green alga

Question 14

what’s the shapeof the chloroplast?

Answer 14

parietal girdl-shaped

(“parietal” refers to something that is related to or attached to a wall or surface. In the context of chloroplasts, “parietal” girdle-shaped structures would typically describe chloroplasts that are positioned or attached to the cell wall in a girdle-like manner)

Question 15

what is it? what’s the shape?

Answer 15

Question 16

what is it? what’s the shape?

Answer 16

• contains numerous chloroplasts within its cells
• The chloroplasts in Cladophora are usually disc-shaped or lobed
• can be densely packed within the cytoplasm of the cell

Question 17

what is that?

Answer 17

1. Grana = stacks of thylakoid membranes within chloroplasts
2. Pseudograna = irregular or incomplete stacks of thylakoid membranes within chloroplasts. Unlike grana, pseudograna lack the well-defined, organized stacking of thylakoid membranes seen in typical grana structures

Question 18

do Chlorophyta have light sensitive organelles?

Answer 18

• yes, eyespots
• usually elongated
• localized within chloroplast between thylakoids
• they appear red because the globules contain carotenoids

Question 19

where is starch produced in Chlorophyta?

Answer 19

• in pyrenoids

Question 20

is the pyrenoid well-defined separated by chloroplast?

Answer 20

• not really

Question 21

what is the storage product of Chlorophyta? localized where?

Answer 21

Question 22

orientation of this basal body of a flagellar apparatus in Chlorophyta

Answer 22

Question 23

orientation of this basal body of a flagellar apparatus in Chlorophyta

Answer 23

Question 24

orientation of this basal body of a flagellar apparatus in Chlorophyta

Answer 24

Question 25

how many types of flagellar apparatus in Chlorophyta? based on what?

Answer 25

- 4 distinct types - based on orientation of basal body