Ecology

Question 1

What is a biotic factor?

Answer 1

The living factors of an ecosystem that affect another organism

Question 2

What is a habitat?

Answer 2

A place where an organism lives

Question 3

What is a population?

Answer 3

All the organisms of a particular species that live in that habitat

Question 4

What is an abiotic factor?

Answer 4

The non-living factors of the environment that can affect organisms

Question 5

What is a community?

Answer 5

All the populations of different species that live together in a habitat

Question 6

Examples of biotic factors

Answer 6

Food
Pathogens
Predators
Competition

Question 7

Examples of abiotic factors

Answer 7

Temperature
Soil pH
Light intensity
Availability of O2 and CO2
Wind direction/intensity

Question 8

What is an ecosystem?

Answer 8

The interaction of a community of living organisms with the non-living parts of their environment

Question 9

What is a stable community?

Answer 9

A community in which the populations of organisms remain fairly constant over time

Question 10

Examples of stable communities

Answer 10

Mature rainforest
Ancient oak woodland
Coral reefs

Question 11

What is a structural adaptation?

Answer 11

The physical features of an organism

Question 12

Examples of structural adaptations

Answer 12

White fur as camouflage
Cacti with sharp needles

Question 13

What is a behavioural adaptations?

Answer 13

How an organism acts/behaves

Question 14

What is a functional adaptation?

Answer 14

A biological process that occurs in a organisms body

Question 15

Examples of functional adaptations

Answer 15

Snake bites that release venom
Hibernation

Question 16

What are extemeophiles?

Answer 16

Organisms that are adapted to live in extreme environments(high temperature, pressure, salt conc)

Question 17

What is a producer?

Answer 17

Organisms which can make their own food(from photosynthesis)

Question 18

Is all of the energy passed though a food chain conserved?

Answer 18

No, some energy is lost, such as in respiration, faeces, or not eaten parts

Question 19

What is abundance?

Answer 19

The number of organisms of each species

Question 20

What is distribution?

Answer 20

Where the organisms are located

Question 21

What are transects used for?

Answer 21

To observe and record changes in species distribution across an area

Question 22

5 steps of the water cycle

Answer 22

Evaporation
Condensation
Transpiration
Precipitation
Infiltration

Question 23

Processes that occur during the carbon cycle

Answer 23

Aerobic Respiration
Decay
Photosynthesis
Combustion

Question 24

What is infiltration?

Answer 24

When water seeps underground

Question 25

How do detrivores break down food?

Answer 25

By physically eating dead plants and animals

Question 26

Examples of detritivores

Answer 26

Worms, millipedes, woodlice

Question 27

How do decomposers break down food

Answer 27

By releasing digestive enzymes (chemically)

Question 28

Examples of decomposers

Answer 28

Bacteria and fungi

Question 29

Factors that affect the rate of decomposition

Answer 29

Oxygen availability Temperature Moisture

Question 30

What is the role of decomposers

Answer 30

To release nutrients back into the soil and air

Question 31

What causes water pollution?

Answer 31

Sewage, fertilisers and toxic chemicals

Question 32

What causes Air pollution?

Answer 32

Smoke and acidic gases

Question 33

What causes land pollution?

Answer 33

Land fills Toxic chemicals Pesticides

Question 34

What is bioaccumulation?

Answer 34

The gradually build up of harmful substances in an organism

Question 35

Why is maintaining biodiversity important?

Answer 35

Increases stability of the ecosystem Medical drugs

Question 36

What is Eutrophication?

Answer 36

Excess fertilisers causing the growth of algae to increase, blocking out sunlight over water

Question 37

How do governments help reducing environmental impact

Answer 37

Quota on deforestation Pay farmers to use field margins and hedgerows

Question 38

What is a field margin?

Answer 38

A narrow strip around a field in which anything can grow

Question 39

What is a hedgerow?

Answer 39

A border around fields made of shrubs and trees that act like habitats for organisms

Question 40

What is a peat bog?

Answer 40

A wetland where the ground is waterlogged and acidic

Question 41

What are trophic level 1 organisms called?

Answer 41

Producers

Question 42

What are trophic level 2 organisms called?

Answer 42

Primary consumers

Question 43

How much energy gets passed on to the next trophic level?

Answer 43

10%

Question 44

What is biomass?

Answer 44

Mass of living tissues (Or dead tissues not decomposed)

Question 45

3 reason why biomass is lost

Answer 45

Not all biomass is consumed Lost as faeces Release energy through respiration

Question 46

2 sustainable fishery practices

Answer 46

Larger wholes in fishing nets Fishing quotas

Question 47

In hydroponics, soil is replaced with....

Answer 47

Mineral solution

Question 48

How is mycoprotein produced?

Answer 48

Fusarium cultured Optimum pH and temperature Glucose syrup for aerobic resp Fungal biomass produced Harvested and purified