Educational Implications

Question 1

Developmental psychology can provide a ____ of changes that take place throughout the lifespan. Provide examples.

Answer 1

Description. Know children’s competencies and weaknesses at certain ages in an educational setting

Question 2

Developmental psychology offers _____ ____ of what causes these changes to take place. Provides examples

Answer 2

Theoretical explanations: Children changing phonemes over time`

Question 3

Why is it important for the relationship between scientists and educational practicioners?

Answer 3

Information between the two is bidirectional, you could miss out information if it is not theoretical

Question 4

What are the two primary pedagogical approaches?

Answer 4

Teacher centered
Child centered

Question 5

Describe the teacher-centered pedagogical approach

Answer 5

Students sitting in rows of desk, teachers stand at the front. More common in adolescent education

Question 6

Describe the child centered pedagogical approach

Answer 6

Child sized tables and chairs, working in pairs, child’s artwork at child’s eye level. More common in early education

Question 7

What amount of guidance for children’s discovery learning is ideal?

Answer 7

Guided discovery. Children at the center of learning and instructor provides feedback to deepen understanding

Question 8

How are peers beneficial for conflict management compared to adults?

Answer 8

Adult-child gap is too great and adults have cognitive dominance, not allowing for the deliberation process. Allows children to question their own understanding and develop as a result

Question 9

Describe children working in pairs in the Equal Juice game.

Answer 9

Have a juice be poured into a longer cup, ask which one has more juice. Pair a child who stated the wrong answer than a child who answered properly. Discussion of answer increases accuracy, regardless if they were paired with another non-conserving or conserving child. Negotiation is beneficial

Question 10

Describe how children learn better in the Tower of Hanoi.

Answer 10

7-9 year old children would be better at the task when interacting with another child

Question 11

If one peer is ____, can lead to incorrect answers

Answer 11

Overconfidence can lead to incorrect answers

Question 12

What kind of peers dominante in peer sharing activities?

Answer 12

Popularity shapes the effect of peer pairing. Popular peers dominate

Question 13

When young boys and girls work together, do they work better than for example, girls and girls?

Answer 13

Girls tend to work together better with girls, and there is more disagreement when boys work with girls, girls less able to contribute, unless the girl is more skilled than boy at baseline

Question 14

Distance between the actual developmental level and the level of potential development

Answer 14

ZPD: Zone of Proximal Development

Question 15

How is ZPD determined?

Answer 15

Determined through problem solving under adult guidance in collaboration with more able peers

Question 16

Where a learner currently is at the moment

Answer 16

ZAD: Zone of achieved development

Question 17

How adults structure and simplify the environment to facilitate children’s learning and to guide them through their ZPD

Answer 17

Scaffoliding

Question 18

Teaching should be aimed towards those aspects of a child’s cognitive functioning that ____ ____

Answer 18

Already exists

Question 19

Describe the study of effective scaffolding methods

Answer 19

Study with 4 year old children and their mothers. Task in which the child could not solve it without help. Moms were taught in advance, told to teach the children how to build it so the children could do it on their own

Question 20

Level 1 Scaffolding in study of effective scaffolding:

Answer 20

General verbal prompts “now you make something”

Question 21

Level 2: scaffodling level

Answer 21

Specific verbal instructions: get four big blocks q

Question 22

Children were better at the block task if their mothers followed which rules development

Answer 22

Increase in level of control after the child fails
When child is successful, then the adult should decrease the level of control

Question 23

How does the study of effective scaffolding relate to ZPD?

Answer 23

Know what a child is capable of baseline, what kind of help they need without being overbearing, if they learn you don’t need to remind them of things they don’t need

Question 24

Two key priniciples of scaffolding in the classroom

Answer 24

Fading
Transfer of responsibility

Question 25

gradual withdrawal of support as the student increases their level of understanding

Answer 25

Fading

Question 26

child becomes more in control as they develop new skills and level of competence

Answer 26

Transfer of responsibility

Question 27

Which scaffolding strategies are beneficial for teaching children scientific explanation?

Answer 27

Contextualized phenomena, rubrics, checklists

Question 28

What are less effective scaffolding strategies for children learning science?

Answer 28

Drawing, too much freedom Sentence frame

Question 29

Level 3 of effective scaffolding

Answer 29

Indicating materials: pointing out what block was needed next

Question 30

Level 4 of effeective scaffolding:

Answer 30

Prepared block: mom prepared the block by correctly orienting the block so that the hole faced the peg

Question 31

Level 5 of effective scaffolding prompt

Answer 31

Mom demonstrated by attaching the block herself

Question 32

What are the three component’s of children’s happiness?

Answer 32

Desire satisfaction: getting what you want Hedonic happiness: feeling good Eudaemonic happiness: believing that happiness is connected to a purpose/act of goodness

Question 33

Describe Yang, Knobe and Bunham and children judghing happiness

Answer 33

One participants helps a nich child get a crayon while the mean child takes a crayon from someone. They are stated to be both just as happy, but asked the participants if they were more or less happy. Nice child. Effect only appears at moral traits. Suggests that morality tends to triumph over pleasure in happiness