Endocrine Control of Metabolism Flashcards Preview

STEP Physiology > Endocrine Control of Metabolism > Flashcards

Flashcards in Endocrine Control of Metabolism Deck (17)
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1
Q

How are the hormones of the adrenal medulla secreted?

A

Input from preganglionic nerve fibers from the ventral horn ofspinal segments T5-L1 synapse in the medulla and release pre-formed vesicles of hormones into the medullary capillary system for disperal

2
Q

How do catecholaminesallow for arousal, papillary dilation, sweating, bronchial dilation, etc.?

A

They elevatein plasma glucose, glycerol, andfree fatty acids, andpromote tachycardia andelevated vascular resistance

3
Q

Do epi and nor have a promoting or inhibitory effect on insulin?

A

inhibitory via adenylyl cyclase activity decreasing Ca2+ levels(along with somatostatin). So epi or nor would be associated with hyperglycemia

4
Q

What molecules might you see active in a state of fasting?

A

glycogenolysis would be promoted mediated by epi, glucagon,TH, and GH would be stimulated by the fasting

5
Q

What molecules promote protein synthesis?

A

GH (and thyroid hormone synergistically), IGF-1, and testosterone,

6
Q

What molecules promote proteolysis?

A

glucagon, cortisol, and epi

7
Q

What molecules promote lipogenesis?

A

insulin

8
Q

What molecules promote lipolysis?

A

epi, testosterone, GH, leptin,and thyroid hormone

9
Q

What are the main glucose events occuring in early fasting stages (3-4hrs)?

A

increased hepatic glucose production via glycogenolysis of hepatic glycogen stores via glucagon

10
Q

What are the main glucose events later in fasting and overnight?

A

the body switches over more to lipolysis to mobilize TAGsto provide nonesterified fatty acids as energy substrates for muscle, heart, and liver more via glucagon mainlyand somecatecholamines, GH, and cortisol (a modulator, not a direct effector of lipolysis)NOTE:So you can measure HDL and LDL afteran overnight fasting (minimum of 12 hrs) but not before

11
Q

How is energy utilized during exercise?

A

The initial response to exercise is via CNS receptors which promotes epi release and some cortisol via hypothalamus response to liberate substrates from body stores (protein, glycogen, and fat) to generate ATP

12
Q

How much insuln secretion does a person in starvation have/utilize?

A

None. No glucose so why have have insulin?Everything is mediated mostly by stress hormones like cortisol, epi, nor, and glucagon which together work to increase substrate availability

13
Q

What is a healthy BMI?

A

18.5-24.9

14
Q

What BMI is considered overweight?

A

25.0-29.9

15
Q

What BMI is considered obese?

A

30-39.9 (40+= morbidly obese or GRADE 3 overweight)

16
Q

What processes mediate obesity?

A

There is:increased hepatic glucocneogenesis,hyper-insulemia, and exaggerated release of FFA from abdominal adipocytes leading to upper-body obesity

17
Q

How does the body respond to stress?

A

stress decreases hormones such as GH that promote growth, TSH and 5’-deiodinase that promote thyroid function, and GnRH (i.e. might not be able to make a baby!) and increases secretion of cortisol and catecholamines to promote glycogenolysis, lipolysis, and proteolysis