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Flashcards in Endocrine Overview Deck (20)
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1
Q

Describe polar ligands

A

Polar ligands are made in advance and stored in membrane-bound vesicleswhich are exocytosed into the bloodstream as soluble particles with short half-liveswhere they interact with membrane-bound receptors that perform signal transduction from the cell surface (i.e. these dont enter the cell)

2
Q

Describe non-polar ligands

A

Ligands that are made in the cell as needed and are relased via non-vesicledependent passive diffusion into the bloodstream as carrier-bound non-soluble particles with long half-lives that enter their respective target cells

3
Q

What is the difference between the general mechanism of action of polar and non-polar ligands?

A
4
Q

What types of hormones are polar?

A

peptides and amines

5
Q

What are steroid hormones all derived from?

A

cholesterol

6
Q

What types of hormones are non-polar?

A

-steroids

7
Q

What are the amine hormones?

A

melatonin and serotonincatecholaminesthyroid hormones

8
Q

What are melatonin and serotonin derived from?

A

tryptophan

9
Q

What are catecholamines and thyroid hormonesderived from?

A

tyrosine

10
Q

Note about thyroid hormones

A

These are synthesized like peptide hormones, but behave like steroid hormones once released in the sense that they are made in advance in vesicles because their pre-cursors are polar but they are modified to non-polar forms for release and, thus, are relased via simple diffision, and bound to carrier proteins, have long-half-lives, and induce new protein synthesis (aka non-polar behavior)Note that cateholamines act 100% like polar molecules

11
Q

What hormones are secreted from the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland? Where are they made?

A

oxytocin and ADH (synthesized from the hypothalamus)

12
Q

What hormones are secreted from the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland?

A

ACTHTSHGHProlactinFSH and LHThese hormones are made here!

13
Q

What are the hormones secreted from the anterior lobe of the pituitary regulated by?

A

hormones from the hypothalamus

14
Q

Where does melatonin come from?

A

pineal gland

15
Q

What hormones are secreted from the thyroid gland?

A

thyroxine and tri-idothyroninecalcitonin

16
Q

What hormones does the heart secrete?

A

naturetic peptide, which decreases BP

17
Q

What hormones does the pancreas secrete and what are their function?

A

Insulin- decreases blood glucoseGlucagon- increases blood glucose

18
Q

What hormones are secreted by the adrenal cortex?

A

cortisol and aldosterone

19
Q

What hormones are secreted by the adrenal medulla?

A

epinephrine and norephinephrine

20
Q

What are the half-lives of amines, peptide hormones, steroids and proteins, and thyroid hormones?

A

amines- 2-3 minpeptides- 4-40 minsteroids and peptides- 4-170 minthyroid- 1-7 days