Flashcards in Exam 2- 1/2 Deck (49):
1
tumor targeting antibodies
monoclonal antibody designed to target oncoproteins expressed by tumor cells and to cause an immune response that destroys cancer cells (target therapy)
2
immunomodulatory antibody
monoclonal antibodies specifically interacts with immuno-regulatory molecules, which elicits or restores an existing anti-cancer immune response
3
adoptive T cell transfer
treatment using host T cells to boost the natural ability of immune activity to fight cancer. T cells are isolated from the patients' tumor and grown into large batches in the lab. these T cells are then infused into the patient body to enhance immune response against cancer cells
4
immunostimulatory cytokines
multiple functional proteins that play important roles in body's immune responses and have the immune-regulator activity to control cancer cell growth. the 2 pain types of cytokines used to treat cancer are interferon alpha/beta and IL-2
5
cancer-therapeutic vaccines
APC with PAP/GM-CSF as the active component of the vaccine to stimulate immune response against cancer. sipuleucel-T is the first FDA approved therapeutic vaccine for prostate cancer treatment
6
innate immunity agonists
bacillus calmette-guerin (BCG): an innate immunity-stimulus used to treat bladder cancer. when inserted directly into the bladder with a catheter, BCG causes a strong innate immune/inflammatory response against cancer cells
7
monoclonal antibodies (mAbs)
produced from a single B lymphocyte, either from mouse, human or other species
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murine mAbs
derived entirely from mouse, usually mouse hybridoma cells by the fusion of mouse myeloma cells with spleen B- cells
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chimeric mAbs
molecularly constructed IgG with the variable regions derived from a murine source and constant region from human
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humanized mAbs
molecularly constructed IgG with the antigen-binding sequences (CDRs) derived from a mouse and all others from human
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human mAbs
derived entirely from a human source, currently by transgenic mice, phage display, human hybridoma and human B cell lines
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therapeutic antibody MOAs
1. naked therapeutic antibody.
2. conjugated therapeutic antibody
3. immuno-regulatory therapeutic antibody
4. bispecific (dual targeting) antibody
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naked therapeutic antibody
directly targets receptors or oncoproteins on cell surface of tumor cells to exert killing and growth inhibition effects
14
conjugated therapeutic antibody
targeting cell surface proteins for delivering highly potent cytotoxins or radioisotopes for tumor cell killing
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immuno-regulatory therapeutic antibody
remove the inhibitory signals and restore T cell response to eliminate tumors (aka immune checkpoint therapy)
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bispecific antibody
engage T cell CD3 and cellular markers on tumor cells to facilitate T cell-mediated tumor cytotoxicity
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conjugated therapeutic antibodies are conjugated with
highly potent cytotoxins known as antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) (tubulin/DNA inhibitors) or radio-isotopes (iodine/yttrium)
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maytansinoid & monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE)
tubulin inhibitors
19
calicheamicin
DNA inhibitor
20
tositumomab
iodine-131
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ibritumomab
yttrium-137
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ipilimumab
CTLA-4 inhbitor
Yervoy
human mAb
melanoma
ADRs: immune-mediated rxns
23
nivolumab and pembrolizumab
PD-1 inhibitor
human mAb
Opdivo
melanoma
squamous NSCLC
ADRs: immune-mediated rxns
24
trastuzumab is specific to
HER2
aka Herceptin
humanized
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cetuximab is specific to
EGFR (HER1)
(Erbitux)
chimeric
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ado-trastuzumab emtansine is specific to
HER2
kadcyla
humanized
linked with maytansinoid
27
Severe ADR of trastuzumab
cardiomyopathy (7%)
also some pulmonary tox
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what cancers is cetuximab used in?
head and neck cancer
colorectal cancer withour KRAS mutation
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premedicate cetuximab with
an H1 antagonists
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cetuximab severe ADRs
cardiopulmonary arrest and sudden death.
also dermatologic toxicity- liming sun exposure
31
bevacizumab is specific to
VEGF
Avastin
humanized
32
bevacizumab MOA
binds to VEGF (NOT the receptor) and prevents interaction
33
bevacizumab indications
metastatin colorectal cancer, non-squamouse NSCLC, glioblastoma, metastatic renal cell carcinoma
34
bevacizumab severe ADRs
GI perforation (2%), wound healing complications, hemorrhage
35
rituximab
naked antibody specific to CD20
Rituxan
chimeric
NHL
36
tositumomab
I-131 labeled antiboy specific to CD-20
37
alemtuzumab
naked antibody specific to CD52
38
brentuximab vedotin
antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) targeting CD30 for drug deliver
39
premedicate rituxan with
APAP and an antihistamine
40
severe ADRs with rituxan
infusion rxns, tumor lysis syndrome, severe mucocutaneous rxns, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
41
ibrituxumomab tiuxetan
murine IgG conjugated with indium-111 or yttrium-90
Zevalin
specific to CD20
NHL
42
ibrituxumomab serious ADRs
infusion rxn, severe cytopenias, hematologic toxicity (delayed in onset and takes 2-4 wks to recover), cutaneous and mucocutaneous rxn (fatal)
43
brentuximab vedotin (an ADC)
chimeric conjugated with MMAE
binds CD 30
Adcetris
hodgkin lymphoma
44
patient's to receive brentuximab must have
good renal and liver function
45
3 major ADRs of brentuximab
bone marrow damage, reproductive damage, liver damage
46
what 2 signals are required for T cell activation?
TCR/MHC complex and CD28/B7
47
CTLA-4 blocks
co-stimulation and therefor no T cell activation
48
blinatumomab
bispecific human mAb
CD3 and CD19
Blincyto
ph negative ALL
49