Particles associated with electromagnetic radiation that have neither mass nor electric charge are
- x-ray photons
- beta particle
- alpha particle
- positrons
x-ray photons
Which of the following is not a type of interaction between x-radiation and biologic matter?
- Pair Production
- Photoelectric absorption
- Bremsstrahlung
- Compton Scattering
Bremsstrahlung
The symbol Z indicates
- atomic number of an atom
- atomic weight of an atom
the number of vacancies in - - an atomic shell - fluorescent yield
atomic number of an atom
In photoelectric absorption to dislodge an inner-shell electron from its atomic orbit, the incoming x-ray photon must be able to transfer a quantity of energy
- equal to or greater than 1.022 MeV, regardless of the energy that holds the electron in its orbit.
- as large as or larger than the amount of energy that holds the electron in its orbit
- less than the energy that holds the atom together.
- 10 times as great as the energy that holds the atom together.
as large as or larger than the amount of energy that
Which of the following interactions between x-ray photons with matter involve a matter–antimatter annihilation reaction?
- pair production
- coherent scattering
- compton scattering
- photoelectric absorption
pair production
Which of the following terms refers to the radiation that occurs when an electron spontaneously drops down from an outer shell of an ionized atom to fill a vacancy in an inner shell of that atom?
- unmodified scattering
- characteristic photon or characteristic x-ray
- compton scattering
- bremsstrahlung
characteristic photon or characteristic x-ray
Which of the following are by-products of photoelectric absorption?
- low energy scattered x-ray photon and characteristic photon
- photoelectron and compton-scatterd electron
- photoelectron and characteristic photon
- low energy scattered x-ray photon and compton-scattered electron
photoelectron and characteristic photon
Which of the following particles is considered to be a form of antimatter?
- photoelectron
- positron
- x-ray photon
- electron
positron
During the process of coherent scattering, an incident low-energy x-ray photon interacts with
- an atom and may transfer its energy by causing some or all of the electrons of the atom to momentarily vibrate and radiate energy in the form of electromagnetic waves
- a scattered photon of lesser energy, annihilating it
- a single inner-shell electron, ejecting it from its orbit
- a single outer-shell electron, ejecting it from its orbit
an atom and may transfer its energy by causing some or all of the electrons of the atom to momentarily vibrate and radiate energy in the form of electromagnetic waves
When an inner electron is removed from an atom in a photoelectric interaction, thus causing an inner-shell vacancy, the energy liberated when this vacancy is filled can be transferred to another electron of the atom, thereby ejecting that electron, instead of emerging from the atom as characteristic radiation. What is this electron called?
- positron
- auger electron
- photoelectron
- compton electron
auger electron
Which of the following are early tissue reactions of ionizing radiation that were experienced by early radiation workers?
- Diffuse redness of the skin
- Blood disorders
- Organ atrophy
- Intestinal disorder
1, 2, and 4 only
0.2 Gy equals
- 200 mGy
- 2 mGy
- 2000 mGy
- 2 mGy
200 mGy
The total kinetic energy released in a unit mass (kilogram) of air and expressed in metric units of joules per kilogram is
- air kerma
- absorbed dose
- effective dose
- equivalent dose
air kerma
As the intensity of x-ray exposure of the air volume increases, the number of electron–ion pairs produced
- also increases
- decreases considerably
- decreases slightly
- remains the same
also increase
In the SI system, an energy absorption of 1 J/kg of matter in the irradiated object equals which of the following?
- 1 Gy
- 10 Sv
- 5 C/kg
- 1 mSv
1 Gy
Cataract formation, fibrosis, reduced fertility and sterility are classified as
- late tissue reactions of ionizing radiation
- early tissue reactions of ionizing radiation.
- hereditary effects of ionizing radiation.
- stochastic effects of ionizing radiation.
late tissue reactions of ionizing radiation
Which of the following formulas is used to calculate effective dose?
- EfD = (D × WR)1 + (D × WR)2 + (D × WR)3
- EfD = D × WR × WT
- EfD = D ÷ WR × WT
Effective dose includes the radiation type and the tissue type.
2 only
Alpha particles have a radiation weighting factor (WR) that is numerically equal to
- 20
- 10
- 5
- 1
20
Beta particles are actually
- high speed electrons
- gamma rays
- protons
- x-rays
high speed electrons
If 400 people receive an average effective dose of 0.25 Sv, what is the collective effective dose?
This is calculated from the Collective Effective Dose of a population that has been exposed to radiation.
- 100 person-Sv
- 200 person-Sv
- 600 person-Sv
-1000 person-Sv
100 person-Sv
