Which of the following x-ray procedures increases the radiographer’s risk of exposure to ionizing radiation compared to radiography?
1. Mobile C-arm fluoroscopy
2. Interventional procedures that use high-level control fluoroscopy
3. Mobile radiographic examinations
- 1 and 3 only
- 2 and 3 only
- 1 and 2 only
- 1, 2, and 3
1, 2, and 3
Which of the following are radiation-shielding design considerations?
1. The mean energy of the x-rays that will strike the barrier
2. Whether the barrier is of a primary or secondary nature
3. The workload of the unit
4. The use factor of the unit
5. The occupancy factor behind the barrier
- 1, 3, 4, and 5 only
- 2, 3, 4, and 5 only
- 1, 2, 3, and 4 only
- 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
Whenever scattered radiation decreases, the radiographer’s exposure
- decreases
- remains the same
- increases considerably
- increases slightly
decreases
Which of the following adjustments in technical exposure factors decreases the production of scattered radiation during routine radiographic procedures?
Compensation = Changing the mAs to compensate for the increase or decrease of the kVp. Thus keeping the exposure the same.
- Decrease kVp and decrease mAs
- Increase kVp and decrease mAs in compensation
- Increase kVp and increase mAs
- Decrease kVp and increase mAs in compensation
Increase kVp and decrease mAs in compensation
During which of the following x-ray examinations should a radiographer always wear a thyroid shield?
- During all digital radiography procedures and computed radiography procedures performed in an x-ray room
- Routine mobile radiographic procedures
- General diagnostic radiographic procedures performed in an x-ray room
- Fluoroscopy and x-ray special procedures
Fluoroscopy and x-ray special procedures
While standing behind the control-booth barrier, a radiographer makes a radiographic exposure. The x-rays scattered from the patient’s body should ____________________.
- scatter a minimum of 2 times before reaching any area behind the control-booth barrier
- scatter only once before reaching any area behind the control-booth barrier
- scatter a minimum of 10 times before reaching any area behind the control-booth barrier
- not have enough energy remaining that will reach behind the control-booth barrier
scatter a minimum of 2 times before reaching any area behind the control-booth barrier
Which of the following is another term for use factor (U)?
- Occupancy factor in controlled and uncontrolled areas
- Workload factor
- Protective barrier thickness consideration factor
- Beam direction factor
Beam direction factor
A protective curtain, or sliding panel, with a minimum of 0.25-mm lead equivalent, should normally be positioned between the fluoroscopist and the patient to intercept which of the following types of radiation?
- Scattered radiation above the tabletop
- Primary radiation
- Direct radiation
- Exit or image-formation radiation
Scattered radiation above the tabletop
If the intensity of the x-ray beam is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the source, how does the intensity of the x-ray beam change when the distance from the source of radiation and a measurement point is tripled?
- It increases by a factor of 3 at the new distance.
- It decreases by a factor of 3 at the new distance.
- It decreases by a factor of 9 at the new distance.
- It increases by a factor of 9 at the new distance.
It decreases by a factor of 9 at the new distance.
For primary radiation, what is the term that represents a portion of beam-on time that the x-ray beam is directed at a primary barrier during the week?
- Occupancy factor
- Distance factor
- Workload factor
- Use factor
Use factor
In __________, a neutron transforms itself into a combination of a proton and an energetic electron.
What did the question say was made from this transformation?
- alpha decay
- gamma decay
- beta decay
- x-ray absorption
beta decay
Considering the design of the medical imaging suites listed below, which suite requires shielding for the highest energy photons?
- PET imaging suite
- Digital fluoroscopy suite
- CT suite
- Digital mammography suite
PET imaging suite
Each Fluorine-18 (18F) nuclear transformation by positron decay yields two highly penetrating _________ photons.
- 777-keV
- 250-keV
- 511-keV
- 472-keV
511-keV
Radioactive material that is attached to or associated with dust particles or in liquid form on various surfaces defines the term
- radioactive fallout.
- radioactive dispersal device.
- radioactive syndrome.
- radioactive contamination.
radioactive contamination.
If enough explosives (non-nuclear) are used to spread radioactive material over a broad area, then radioactivity is
- diluted and may not be much higher than background levels.
- extremely hazardous and may be much higher than background levels.
- slightly hazardous and may be only slightly higher than background levels.
- moderately hazardous and may be higher than background levels.
diluted and may not be much higher than background levels.
Gamma rays differ from x-rays
- only because they are of much lower energy.
- because x-rays are a form of electromagnetic radiation and gamma rays are not.
- because they are a form of electromagnetic radiation and x-rays are not.
- only in the method of how they are produced.
only in the method of how they are produced.
At the conclusion of brachytherapy or diagnostic radionuclide procedure, any residual isotope
- is to be returned to its unshielded container.
- is to be returned to its shielded container
- thrown directly into a regular trash can for disposal.
- dumped into any regular sink and washed down the drain.
is to be returned to its shielded container
The actual long-term health effects of a “dirty bomb” are likely to be
- nonexistent.
- maximal.
- minimal.
- catastrophic
minimal.
The design of a _______________ imaging suite involves significant radiation safety concerns.
- computed tomography
- diagnostic x-ray
- computed radiography
- PET and CT
PET and CT
Well oxygenated, rapidly dividing cells are:
- Will not be damaged by ionizing radiation
- Somewhat sensitive to damage by radiation
- Very sensitive to damage by radiation
- Very insensitive to damage by radiation
Very sensitive to damage by radiation
