Gait

Question 1

Where is the center of gravity located?

Answer 1

5cm anterior to S2 vertebra

Question 2

When is center of gravity highest?

Answer 2

Midstance

Question 3

What are the phases of the gait cycle?

Answer 3

• Stance: Initial contact, Loading Response, Midstance, Terminal Stance, Preswing
• Swing: Initial, Mid, and Terminal Swing

Question 4

What are the six determinents of gait?

Answer 4

• Pelvic rotation, Pelvic lateral excursion, Pelvic tilt
• Knee flexion, knee mechanisms
• Foot mechanisms

Question 5

What muscles are active during initial contact?

Answer 5

Eccentric contraction of gluteus max, gluteus medius, quads, hamstrings, and dorsiflexors

Question 6

What muscles are active during the loading response?

Answer 6

Eccentric contraction of gluteus medius, quads, hamstrings, and dorsiflexors

Question 7

What muscles are active during midstance?

Answer 7

Eccentric contraction of gluteus medius and plantar flexors

Question 8

What muscles are active during terminal stance?

Answer 8

• Eccentric: gluteus medius
• Concentric: hip flexors, plantar flexors

Question 9

What muscles are active during preswing?

Answer 9

• Eccentric: quads
• Concentric: hip flexors, plantar flexors

Question 10

What muscles are active during initial swing?

Answer 10

• Eccentric: hamstrings, quads
• Concentric: hip flexors, dorsiflexors

Question 11

What muscles are active during midswing?

Answer 11

• Eccentric: hamstrings
• Concentric: hip flexors, dorsiflexors

Question 12

What muscles are active during terminal swing?

Answer 12

• Eccentric: hamstrings
• Concentric: dorsiflexors

Question 13

How is base of support defined?

Answer 13

distance between heels with gait (normally 6-10 cm)

Question 14

what actions define loading response?

Answer 14

heel strike to contralateral toe off

Question 15

what actions define midstance?

Answer 15

contralateral toe off to ankles aligned

Question 16

what actions define terminal stance?

Answer 16

ankles aligned to contralateral heel strike

Question 17

what actions define midswing?

Answer 17

maximum knee flexion to vertical tibia

Question 18

What is the distance in a normal base of support?

Answer 18

6 to 10cm

Question 19

How is cadence defined?

Answer 19

number of steps per unit time

Question 20

When is COG the lowest in the gait cycle?

Answer 20

Loading Response